cranial nerve fx

Question 1

anosmia

Answer 1

loss of the sense of smell (this can be unilateral or bilateral).

Question 2

homonomous

Answer 2

overlapping visual fields

Question 3

hemianopsia

Answer 3

one side

Question 4

quadrantanopsia

Answer 4

loss of visual perception of one-quarter of the visual world.

Question 5

scotoma

Answer 5

patch of vision loss.

Question 6

strabismus

Answer 6

is a position of the eyes where they are not directed at the same target (in some parts of the country this is termed a “squint”).

Question 7

diplopia

Answer 7

double vision

Question 8

myopia

Answer 8

inability to see at distance (“nearsighted”) with light focusing in front of the retina… convergene of image occurs before retina

Question 9

hyperopia

Answer 9

far sighted, behind retina convergence

Question 10

amblyopia

Answer 10

literally means “dim eye”. This is a drifting or “lazy” eye that usually happens because one eye has bad vision. The brain often “turns off” control of that eye and the eye drifts. The patient usually does not have diplopia because input from that eye is turned off.

Question 11

visual acuity problems and pinhole testing

Answer 11

improve-refractive

do not improve- retinal/optic nerve

Question 12

mononuclear problems

Answer 12

anterior to optic chiasm

Question 13

homonymous visual field problems

Answer 13

posterior to optic chiasm

Question 14

bitemporal hemianposia

Answer 14

problems AT optic chiasm

Question 15

most of visual cortex supplied by

Answer 15

posterior cerebral arteries

Question 16

when a person has double vision, images will be furthest apart when

Answer 16

eyes look in the directon that the weak muscle is most active

Question 17

horizontal diplopia results from

Answer 17

weakness of lateral or medial rectus muscles

Question 18

verticle diplopia

Answer 18

weakness of one or the other muscles

Question 19

the bad eye

Answer 19

sees the image furthest towards the perphery of vision

Question 20

lateral gaze center

Answer 20

frontal eyefields

paramedian pontine reticular formaton

Question 21

vertical gaze center

Answer 21

rostral midbrain

pretectal areas

Question 22

ptosis could be due to..

Answer 22

1) weakness of levator palpebrae muscle

2) CNIII damage

Question 23

Horner’s syndrome

Answer 23

ptosis
meiosis
anhidrosis
flushing
damage to symps

Question 24

center for pupillary light reflex

Answer 24

pretectal area

Question 25

sympathetics

Answer 25

dilate pupil

Question 26

parasymps (CN III)

Answer 26

constrict to lght

Question 27

only division of trigem with motor fibers

Answer 27

mandibular

Question 28

trigem ganglion location in head

Answer 28

lateral to sella turcica/pituitary in cavernous sinus

Question 29

CNV enters

Answer 29

pons

Question 30

lateral brainstem lesions cna block

Answer 30

ipslateral pain from face

Question 31

Bell's Palsy

Answer 31

damages the facial nerve in the facial canal – weakens all muscles of facial expression on the side of lesion

Question 32

24. Damage to corticobulbar fibers (from cortex to the pons)

Answer 32

produce supranuclear weakness of the lower face (sparing of forehead) on the contralateral side

Question 33

hyperacusis is what muscle

Answer 33

stapedius

Question 34

loss of taste in anterior 2/3 of tongue and hyperacusis

Answer 34

CN VII

Question 35

can not be damaged by lesions of the brain

Answer 35

Hearing | [because it is bilateral ]

Question 36

sensorineural deafness

Answer 36

Inner ear and CN VIII lesions

Question 37

caloric testing

Answer 37

is the only way to check each inner ear vestibular function independently the patient is awake, the eyes will drift slowly toward the side of cold water with rapid correction to opposite side (the opposite for warm water)

Question 38

caloric testing and damaged vestibular apparatus

Answer 38

this is because there is a tonic balance in vestibular input from both ears cold water decreases, warm water increases tonic input damaged ear acts like cold water caloric

Question 39

glossopharyngeal nerve provides sensation to

Answer 39

carotid baroreceptor chemoreceptor pharynx and middle ear

Question 40

vagus nerve activates

Answer 40

elevator of the soft palate – will elevate with deviation of base of uvula AWAY from the side of lesion

Question 41

lesion of recurrent laryngeal (vagus)

Answer 41

painless hoarseness wth weakness or paralyss of vocal cord on that side

Question 42

spinal accessory nerve pathway

Answer 42

cervical spinal cord--> enters through foramen magnum-->exits jugular foramen

Question 43

corticobulbar damage (like a stroke) + mouth

Answer 43

slightly weaken contralateral side of tongue and soft palate

Question 44

jaw jerk reflex

Answer 44

afferent- trigem | efferent- trigem

Question 45

corneal reflex

Answer 45

afferent trigem | efferent-facial

Question 46

gag reflex

Answer 46

afferent- glossopharyngeal | efferent- vagus

Question 47

cough reflex

Answer 47

afferent vagus | efferent- resp centers and vagus

Question 48

BRR

Answer 48

afferent - glossopharyngeal | efferent- vagus

Question 49

weber's test

Answer 49

lateralzed toward side of conductive deafness and away from sensorineural