Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

(88 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation/infection of brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation/infection of meninges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

hydrocephaly

A

accumulation of CSF due to..

(communicating) deficient resorption
(internal) obstruction of the flow pathway through the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hydrocephaly ex-vaccuo

A

brain shrinks and CSF replaces it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

meningismus

A

resistance to neck flexion due to pain when inflamed meninges are stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

involuntary flexion of the knee when lower limb is flexed at the hip–occurs because the inflamed meninges are stretched by stretch of the sacral nerve roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pleocytosis

A

presence of excessive number of white blood cells in spinal fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Brudzinski’s sign

A

involuntary flexion of the knee when the neck is flexed; this occurs because the inflamed meninges are stretched by the flexing of the neck and tesnion can be relieved osmewhat by taking tension off of the sacral nerve roots by flexing knees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

parameningeal

A

processes (particularly infections) that occur outside of the dura but which are adjacent to it (producing some signs-particularly in the CSF) of inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

most common cause of acute meningitis

A

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

empyema

A

pus or abscess in subdural or epidural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

signs of bacterial meningitis

A

fever
meningismus
>7 WBC/cubic mm of CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

newborn organisms for BM

A

group b strep
e.coli
listeria onocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

childhood organisms for BM

A

neisseria meningitis

strep pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

elderly organisms for BM

A

strep pneumoniae

listeria monocytogenes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

organisms for neurosurgerical patients

A

stap aureus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ways to get into brain

A 
nasopharyngeal colonization
blood stream-->BBB
entry into CSF by leak/cribiform plate
exudate in subarachnoid
can inflame blood vessels and result in stroke
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

where does exudate/pus develop?

A

subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

exudate is

A

yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

exudate is comprised mostly of

A

neutrophilic white blood cells–>swelling of brain and obstruction of free movement of CSF–> increase in ICP–>herniation

can also result in small strokes due to inflammed arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

symptoms of meningitis

A

fever, headache, meningismus
kernig, brudzinski, photophobia, vomiting
toxic appearing–>increased ICP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

first thing you do when you think meningitis

A

antibiotics prophylacticly! before any other lengthy test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

what should be your first test

A

CT before spinal taP!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

why CT before spinal tab

A

patients with abscesses should not be spinal tapped, but should not delay LP for any prolonged period just to get a scan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
CSF of bacterial meningitis
``` cloudy high pressure WBC: high RBC: variable protein high glucose low ```
42
go to antibiotic
ceftriaxone
43
antibiotic for listeria
ampicilin
44
resistant organisms
vancomycin
45
neurosurgical patients
vancomysin
46
what other treatment can you give
steroids to reduce vasogenic swelling due to inflammation
47
prognosis
3-20%
48
CSF of viral meningitis
``` clear normal pressure (<5 protein low glucose normal ```
49
viral meningitis symptoms
same, but less severe | no impairment of consciousness
50
therapy of viral meningitis
bedrest, fluids, analgesia
51
fungal meningitis is ___ but ___
rare, but severe
52
setting of fungal meningitis
may occur in the setting of immunosuppression of invasive procedure
53
onset of fungal meningitis
less acute with more insidious onset
54
CSF fungal meningitis
``` hazy variable pressure high WBC (<200)-lymphocytes RBC normal protein high glucose low eosinophilia! india ink ```
55
most common fungus
cryptococcus neoformans
56
symptoms of fungal meningitis
early on malaise and fatigue-->progresses to dementia/cranial nerve dysfunction
57
mycobacterial meningitis is
tuberculosis meningitis | seen in HIV, children, immunosuppression
58
myco men is actually a
reactivation of a previous infection
59
symptoms of mycobacterial meningitis
headaches low grade fevers night sweats
60
what else do you see with myco men?
cranial nerve palsies--caseating granulomas accumulate at bse of brain where cranial nerves exit the brain-->obstructive hydrocephalus
61
treatment myco men
tuberculostatic treatment | 3-4 antibiotic regimens
62
types of lymphocytes in NS
bacterial meningitis-polys viral meningitis- first polys, then lymphs chronic, fungal, ruber- mostly lymphs
63
how is encephalitis distinguished from meningitis
altered consciousness--progresses to seizures or focal neuro symptoms such as hemiparesis or aphasia
64
Herpes simplex encephalitis
usually herpes type 1; gets to brain via trigem- sits next to medial part of temporal impairment of consciousness, confusion, seizures, headache, fever, meningismus
65
diagnosis and treatment
EEG-PLEDS over area of inflamed brain | MRI-inflamed temporal lobe
66
treatment of viral encephalitis
acyclovir--start AS SOON as suspected
67
other viruses that cause viral encephalitis
arboviruses- mosquito borne viral myelitis- poliomyelitis rabies; 2-12 week latent period, 2-10 day death course frm tme of symptoms
68
CSF viral encephalits
``` clear normal pressure WBC <500 lymphs RBC variable protein high glucose normal ```
69
bacterial encephalitis
neurosyphilis and lime disease | also produces NEURITIS
70
neurosyphilis
treponema pallidum
71
early signs neurosyph
meningitis, cranial neuritis
72
tertiary neurosyphilis
tabes dorsalis: sensory ataxia- shooting pains general paresis: dementia with psychosis charcot joints: joint damage by affecting innervation of jonts
73
difference between CSF in tertiary syph and CSF in fungal
you get VDRL positive
74
LYME DISEASE
borrelia burgdorferi erythema migrans (bulls eye) and arthralgia polyradiculitis : radiating back pain bilateral VII nerve palsy CSF: lyme titers
75
treatment lyme disease
ceftriaxone
76
herpes zoster
infection of dorsal root ganglia neurons--reactivation of varcella zoster virus in forsal root ganglion-->shingles
77
diagnosis of herpes zoster
clinical, skin biopsy, pcr csf
78
treatment herpes zoster
acyclovir
79
complication herpes zoster
postherpetic neuralgia (persistent pain)
80
if herpes infects opthalmic divsiion of trigem zoster-->
bad because can lead to corneal scars and potential blindness
81
brain abscess
anaerobic or mix of bacteria | secondary to other infections
82
brain absecses on scans
no blood vessels therefore no enhancement darekr around it due to edema light colored ring because blood vessels disturbed BBB; contrasts escapes from vessels to tissues
83
other signs of brain abscesses (bacterial, fungal)
cerebritis: headache, normal CSG encapsulation: no fever, increased ICP, focal signs, seizures rupture: meningitis, death
84
therapy of brain abscesses
antibiotics, anti convuslants, aspiration or surgery
85
LP can ONLY be done
after scans show no significant distrotion of brain (even if CSVF normal!0-->can trigger brain herniation and death
86
parasitic brain abcess
toxoplasma | cysticercosis
87
toxo
ring enhancing lesions deep in brain common in AIDS correlates with CD4 count or viral load
88
treatment toxo
pyrimethamin sulfadiazin [[antibiotics]] if lesion disappears you are good
89
cysticercosis
invasion of tissue with larval stage of taenia solium invades liver, muscles, brain, eye enhancing cystic, calcified lesions treat only for focal signs
90
epidural abscess
usually staph fever and back pain MRI scan you can see pus extending into epidural space
91
opportunistic infections in HIV
``` toxo tuberculous meningitis cryptococcal men syphillis PML CML direct hiv ```
92
PML
JC virus | white matter lesions
93
before treating JC with ____, check for____
natalizumab | antibodies to JC virus- would show already harbots virus
94
treatment PML
supportive
95
how to treat direct infection of brain by HIV
decrease viral load
96
Creutzfield Jacob Disease
spongiform encephalopathy via prions
97
how is CJD transmitted
prions; brain contact
98
what happens in CJD
rapid dementia, death over several months | myoclonic jerks, muscle twitches
99
how to test CJD
normal CSF, normal imaging besides diffusion image
100
toxins
teatnus and botulism
101
how do tetnus and botulism work?
heavy nad light chain- heavy chain bind to neuronal membrane and get light chain into nerve terminal light chain cleaves synaptobrevin both are involved in vesicle binding and release
102
botulin toxin blocks
neuromuscular transmission; toxin binds to presyn nerve terminal at NMJ-->prevents release of ach starts with face, eyes and neck
103
tetanus
heavy chain binds to membrane gangliosides and the toxin is internalized binds to GABA via retrograde transmission -->results in uncontrolled firing and muscle stiffness
104
chronic encephalitis
usually viral!- HIV, PML,CJD usually produce subacute dementia with minimal signs of infection and no meningeal signs

Neuro (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions