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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

Name the 12 cranial nerves

A

Oh Oh Oh to touch and feel vegan girls vegetables and herbs

Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducent
Facial
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharengeal
Vegas
Acessory (spinal acessory)
Hypoglossal

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2
Q

Name what each CN does:
motor: somatic, branchial, parasympathetic
sensory: somato, special, viseral

A

Some say marry money but my brother says bad bitches make money

  1. Olfactory: S- special sensory
  2. Optic. S- special sensory
  3. Oculomotor: M- somatic, parasympathetic
  4. Trochlear: M-somatic
  5. Trigeminal: B- branchial motor , somatosensory
  6. Abducent: M- somatic
  7. Facial: B- branchial motor, parasympathetic motor, somatosensory, visceral sensory
  8. Vestibulocochlear: S- special sensory
  9. Glossopharengeal: B- branchial, parasympathetic, somatosensory, visceral sensory
  10. Vegus: B- branchial motor, parasympathetic motor, somatosensory, visceral sensory
  11. Accesory: M- branchial
  12. Hypoglossal: M- somatic
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3
Q

Name where each craniel nerve stems from anatomiclly

A
  1. Come: cribiform plate
  2. On: optic canal
  3. SOFia: Superior orbital fissure
  4. SOFia: Superior orbital fissure
  5. SOFia: Superior orbital fissure
    ROll: ROtundum foramen
    OVer: Ovale foreman
  6. SOFia: Superior orbital fissure
  7. I AM: Internal Acoustic Meatus
  8. In A Mood: Internal Acoustic Meatus
  9. JUG: Jugular foramen
  10. JUG: Jugular foramen
  11. JUG: Jugular foramen
  12. Hey: Hypoglossal canal
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4
Q

What does bronchial motor mean- general idea

A

branchial (innervated by pharangeal N- chewing, facial expression, swallowing, and speech. )

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5
Q

Are the craniel nerves part of PNS or CNS?

A

PNS, but 1 and 2 are debated (NERVES are PNS (but are in CNS structure))

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6
Q

What type of neuron is this? (motor, special senses, somatosensory)

A

motor

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7
Q

What type of neuron is this? (motor, special senses, somatosensory)

A

special senses

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8
Q

What type of neuron is this? (motor, special senses, somatosensory)

A

somatosensory

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9
Q

What is the epineurium? What does it bind? What does it contain (and what can happen w some conditions)?

A

outermost layer of the nerve
binds fascicles (bundles of nerve fibers) together

blood vessles- some conditions can cause these blood vessles to loose blood supply which kills the nerve

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10
Q

What is the perineurium (aka what does it do)?

A

Binds groupings of axons, like motor and sensory) into fascicles

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11
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

delicate layer of connective tissue surrounding single axon fiber

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12
Q

What is the sensory organ of the nose called that consists of special sensory receptor neurons, supporting cells, and glands?

A

olfactory epithelium

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13
Q

Olfactory nerve pathway

A

Odor enter nose and dissolve in mucus

FIRST ORDER
->olfactory N. penetrates skull via cribiform plate in ethmoid bone
-> synapse with olfactory bulb

SECOUND ORDER
-> travels caudally and projects BILATERLLY (to grandma meeting- everyone has a smell that reminds them of grandma)

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14
Q

What are one of the only injurys that can get to CN1

A

concussions

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15
Q

What is your optic disc?

A

Site in the eye where optic and blood vessles enter/ exit eye

Blind spot!! no sensory receptor cells here

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16
Q

What is your macula lutea

A

your visual axis, contains central fovea (cones only), highest visual resolution in eye

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17
Q

Briefly describe the layers of the eye anatomiclly

A

3 layers
in inner layer- split into 7 layers

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18
Q

Which Craniel nerve closes the eyelid

A

7- facial

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19
Q

which craniel nerves control the extraocular muscles

A

3- oculomotor
4- Trochlear
6- Abducent

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20
Q

Which crainel nerve opens the eyelid?

A

3- oculomotor

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21
Q

which craniel nerve controls the ciliary muscles? what do these muscles do?

A

pupil constriction/ dialation
3- oculomotor

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22
Q

which craniel nerve controls lacrimal apparatus? what is the lacrimial apparatus?

A

teers
7- facial

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23
Q

Craniel nerve II- optic nerve pathway

A

FRIST ORDER
retinal bipolar cells gather at optic disc (blind spot) to form optic nerve-> travel through optic canal
->travel medially and converge with contralateral optic nerve at optic chiasm: nasal retinal fibers cross over and continue contralaterally, and temporal retinal fibers remain ipsilateral. these go on through the optic tract
-> synapse on lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus

SECOUND ORDER
form optic radiations (radiate like rainbow WOOSH) to:
left visual field: right primary visual cortex
right visual field: left primary visual cortex

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24
Q

medial rectus: action and innervation

A

ADD
oculomotor nerve

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25
superior rectus : action and innervation
elevation and intorsion oculomotor nerve (contralateral)
26
inferior rectus: action and innervation
depression and extorsion oculomotor nerve
27
inferior oblique
extorsion and elevation oculomotor nerve
28
superior oblique
intorsion and depression trochlear nerve (contralateral)
29
lateral rectus: action and innervation
ABD abducent nerve
30
What does CN III do? oculomotor nerve
control extraocular muscles (medial, superior, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique) opens the eyelid control cillary muscles
31
what nuclei does the somatomotor branch of the oculomotor nerve originate in
oculomotor nucleus
32
CN III pathway
oculomotor and edinger westphal nuclei Superior Orbital Fissure superior and inferior divisions innervate muscles JUST INFERIOR- cillary ganglion neurons
33
what nuclei does the parasympathetic branch of the oculomotor nerve originate in
edinger westphal nucleus
34
Which muscles are innervated by the SUPERIOR division of CN III
superior rectus (contralateral), levator palpebrae (elevates eyelid)
35
Which muscles are innervated by the INFERIOR division of CN III
Inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique
36
shine a light into 1 eye, both constrict - reflex?
yes, no cortical involvement so it is a reflex
37
pupillary response to light pathway
FRIST ORDER (same as II) retinal bipolar cells gather at optic disc (blind spot) to form optic nerve-> travel through optic canal-> optic N-> chiasm-> Synapse at BILATERAL pretectal nuclei -> project to edinger-westpaul nuclei -> project ipsilaterally via oculomotor nerve to ciliary ganglia -> cilary ganglion project to muscles
38
In the pupillary response to light, light shined into one eye causes what kind of response to the IPSILATERAL eye?
direct
39
In the pupillary response to light, light shined into one eye causes what kind of response to the CONTRALATERAL eye?
consensual
40
What is the accomidation response? parasympathetic or sympathetic?
When visual object moves from far to near parasympathetic (fine-tuned vision for near tasks, like reading or focusing on something close up — things you do when you're calm and not in fight-or-flight mod)
41
What factors are included in the accomodation response
pupilary constriction accomidation of lens ciliary muscle (lens changer shape) convergence of eyes by musles (eyes turn inward)
42
accomidation response pathway
pathway, cortex, sup/pretect, nuclei, bilat to response entire optic pathway ->primary visual cortex-> visual assosiation cortex-> superior colliculus & pretectal area (midbrain)-> oculomotor nucleus & edinger-westpaul nucleus-> bilateral output to EOM, lens, cilary
43
What does the trochlear nerve do
supply superior oblique- eye intorsion and depression
44
trochlear nerve pathway
trochlear nucleus-> contralateral projection-> dessecate-> exit dorsal midbrain-> superior orbital fissure to muscle
45
What does the abducens nerve do
eye abduction
46
Abducens nerve pathway
aducens nucleus-> exit through dorellos canal-> superior orbital fissure-> muscle
47
What does the trigmental nerve do?
sensation of face, mouth, anterior 2/3 of tounge, nasal sinuses (sinus pressure), and menings (CSF)
48
Apply a senario where your trigeminal nerve can be impacted through the menings that it innervates
CSF buildup can cause headaches
49
What are the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve
somatosensory branch -ophthalmic division- purple -maxillary division- blue(upper lip) -mandibular division- red (lower lip) motor branch
50
What does the motor trigeminal nuclei do?
go to efferent muscles of matication
51
what does the principle sensory trigeminal nuclei/ chief/ main sensory nuclei do?
relay afferent discriminate touch & dental pressure
52
what does the spinal trigeminal nuclei do
(anterolat but face)- crude touch, pain, temp of face somatotopic (maps to specific body regions)
53
what does the mesencephalic trigeminal nuclei do?
afferent proprioception to the jaw and EOMs (when you close your eye you cna still look up and down)
54
what does a nucleus in general indicate about the length of a neuron
it ends there and meets a new one
55
Trigmental nerve somatosensory tract
IPSILATERAL: enter skull-> join in trigeminal ganglion to form trigeminal N.-> synapse in trigmental nuclear complex CONTRALATERAL: decussate/ project/ synapse in contralateral VPM nucleus-> form tracts third order- porject to inferolateral posterntral gyrus PriSC (lat hommunculus)
56
in the trigmental tract, where do discriminate touch and dental pressure form into?
trigmental leminiscis
57
in the trigmental tract, where do crude touch, pain, and temp project to?
spinal trigeminal tract
58
in the trigmental tract, where do jae and EOM proprioception project to?
mesencephalic trigminal tract
59
is damage to the corticobulbar tract of the trigminal nerve a UMN or LMN injury
UMN
60
is damage to the trigmental nerve tract part of the trigminal nerve pathway UMN or LMN injury
LMN
61
motor pathway of the trigmental nerve
corticobulbar tract - precentral gyrus tracels with corticospinal tract throug internal capsule and descends brainstem-> bifurcates and synapses bilaterally on trigeminal motor nuclei trigminal nerve via mandibular division-> all exits with V3
62
what does the motor trigminal nerve innervate
muscles of mastication, and tensor tympani (loud noises)
63
What does the facial nerve do?
close, cry, saliva, taste, exst ear & motor facial expressions Outputs to muscles of facial expression parasympathetic projections to lacrimal and salvitory glands taste from ant 2/3 of tounge somatosensory from exsternal ear
64
Injury to corticobulbar tract of facial nerve motor pathway-> UMN or LMN
UMN
65
Injury to secound motor neuron (facial nerve) tract of facial nerve motor pathway-> UMN or LMN
LMN
66
facial nerve pathway
corticobulbar tract precentral gyrus-> caudal pons 2 WAYS: CONTRALATERAL facial nucelus to eyebrows and down, BILATERAL to facial nuclei to above eyebrows facial nerve tract exists skull through stylomastoid forammen-> 5 branches to innervate muscles (know temporal branch)
67
all the cortical redundancys in crainel nerves
1 5 (motor) 7 (upper) 8 (ventral) Accommodation Ant corticospinal
68
what is the corneal reflex
protective reflex to protect eye from debris and damage
69
corneal reflex pathway
V1-> spinal trig-> :) bilat->nerves swab-> ophthalmic division of trigmental nerve (CN V1)-> spinal trigmenal nucleus-> BILATERAL facial nuclei-> bilateral facial nerves-> BILATERAL eye blink
70
what does the vestibulocochlear nerve do
hearing and vestibular sensation
71
Dorsal pathway of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
enters skull via internal auditory meatus and synapse in ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei -> decussate at trapezoid body and ascent contralaterally via lateral leminiscus and snaose in the inferior colluculus -> porject to and synapse at medial geniculate nucleu of the thalamus -> project to primary auditory nucleus
72
what does the Dorsal pathway of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) deal with
pitch and quality of sound dolphin hears pitch to echolocate
73
what does the ventral tract of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear) deal with
intensity and timing (loud and duration) (and ventral side of bod has olives)
74
ventral pathway of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)
enters skull via internal auditory meatus and synapse in ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei -> ascend BILATERALLY and snpase in the superior olivary nuclear complex -> project and synapse in inferior colliculi via lateral lemniscus -> porject and synapse to medial geniculate nuclei of the thalamus -> project to primary auditory corticies
75
What junction is the ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei in
pontomedullary junction
76
If you get damage DIRECTLY to CNVIII what effects will you see- bilat or ipslat?
ipsilateral
77
What does the Glossopharyngeal N. do
Carotid parotid ear mouth (sensiry) stylopharyngeus muscle (gag, pharynx elevation with talking and swallowing)
78
motor pathway of Glossopharyngeal N
79
vagus nerve pathway
80
waht does the vagus nerve do
Lary the doc sees vasovagel and swallowing stuff trace:heart lungs digestive eyes menings -motor to pharyngeal muscles (swallowing) and laryngeal muscles (voice box, singing in pitch) vasovagal response (blood drawn) parasympathetic to heart, lungs, and digestive tract viscersensory: aeortic arch somatosensory: pharynx, meningns, and small region of external auditory meatus viscerosenspry to taste from epiglottis and pharynx
81
explain the vasovagal response
-when you get blood drawn and pass out -can be intense -fight or flight response form vagus nerve -inapporpriate activation of Vegas N and body cant keep up
82
what craniel nerves are involved in the gag reflex
IX and X
83
explain the gag reflex
stimulation of posterior pharyngeal wall, tonsilar area, or base of tounge-> reflex of musles of posterior pharynx
84
what muscle is associated with the gag reflex
(reflex contraction of) posterior pharynx
85
function of gag reflex
prevent aspiration of solid food particles
86
the gag reflex is a common way to evaluate the intergrity of ___ during brain death examination
medulla
86
gag reflex pathway
87
what does CN XI spinal accessory nerve do?
motor output to SCM and Upper trap
88
CN XI spinal accessory nerve pathway
89
hypoglossal nerve INJURY SIGN
somatomotor to tounge muscles (ipsilateral tounge weakenss when hurt)
90
hypoglossal n. pathway
91
what is trigeminal neuralgia when can it happen?
-SEVERE neuropathic pain episodes (like electric shock) -can happen spontaneously- touch face, brush teeth, etc. -become more freq. and intense over time
92
Stroke vs bells palsy
stroke-> forehead works bells palsy-> whole face is out
93
What is Bells Palsy
compression of facial N w in temporal bone, 1 side muscles are weak and paralyzed
94
Bells palsy a UMN or LMN injury
LMN- facial N injury
95
explain aspiration pnemonia: CN? wrong tube? what type of liquid?
CN 9, 10, 12 wrong tube is LUNG thin liquid goes to lung
96
What are all the nerves that travel bilatterally?
1 5 7 (upper) 8 (ventral) accommodation anterior corticospinal
97
Damage DIRECTLY to a CN: _____ effects
ipsilteral (except 3-sup obl and 4)
98
All nerves that travel on corticobulbur
7, 9, 10, 12

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