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Cranial Nerves Flashcards

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1
Q

Name all 12 cranial nerves

A 
Olfactory CN I
Optic CN II
Oculomotor CN III
Trochlear CN IV
Trigeminal CN V
Abducens CN VI
Facial CN VII
Vestibulochoclear CN VIII
Glossopharyngeal CN IX
Vagus CN X
Spinal Accessory CN XI
Hypoglossal CN XII
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2
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Cribiform plate

A

CN I Olfactory

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3
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Optic canal

A

CN II Optic

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4
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Superior orbital fissure

A

CN III Oculomotor
CN IV Trochlear
CN V (1) Opthalmic division of trigeminal
CN VI Abducens

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5
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Foramen Rotundum

A

CN V(2) Maxillary Division of trigeminal

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6
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Foramen Ovale

A

CN V(3) Mandibular Divison of Trigeminal

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7
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Internal Acoustic Meatus

A

CN VII Facial

CN VIII Vestibulocochlear

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8
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Jugular Foramen

A

CN IX Glossopharyngeal
CN X Vagus
CN XI Spinal Accessory N

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9
Q

What CN exits this foramen: Hypoglossal

A

CN XII Hypoglossal

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10
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Oculomotor

A

Somatic Motor (GSE)

CN III

All extra ocular eye muscles except superior oblique, and lateral rectus m

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11
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Trochlear

A

Somatic Motor (GSE)

CN IV

Superior Oblique muscle

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12
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Abducens

A

Somatic Motor (GSE)

CN VI

Lateral rectus Muscle

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13
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Hypoglossal

A

Somatic Motor (GSE)

CN XII

Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except palatoglossus)

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14
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Masicator

A

Branchial Motor (SVE)

CN V

Muscles of mastication

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15
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Facial

A

Branchial Motor (SVE)

CN VII

Muscles of facial expression

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16
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Ambiguus

A

Branchial motor (SVE)

CN IX, CN X

Muscles of the pharynx and larynx

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17
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Accessory

A

Branchial Motor (SVE)

CN XI

Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid

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18
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus:Edinger-westphal

A

Visceral Motor (GVE) Parasympathetic

CN III

Ciliary Muscle, constrictor pupillae

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19
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Superior Salivatory

A

Visceral Motor Parasympathetic (GVE)

CN VII

All glands of the head except the integumentary and parotid

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20
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Inferior salivatory

A

Visceral Motor Parasympathetic (GVE)

CN IX

Parotid gland

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21
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Dorsal Vagus

A

Visceral Motor Parasympathetic (GVE)

CN X

All thoracic viscera and abdominal viscera to the splenic flexure

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22
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Solitarius

A

Visceral Sensory (GVA)

CN IX, CN X

Visceral afferent information necessary for visceral reflexes, and nausea

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23
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Trigeminal

A

General sensory (GSA)

CN V, VII, IX, X

Pain, Temperature, touch, proprioception from the head neck, sinuses, and meninges

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24
Q

What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Mitral cells of olfactory bulbs

A

Special Sensory (SSA)

CN I

Smell

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25
What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Ganglion cells of retina
Special Sensory (SSA) CN II Vision
26
What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Gustatory
Special Sensory (SSA) CN VII, IX Taste
27
What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Vestibular
Special Sensory (SSA) CN VIII Balance
28
What is the modality, Associated Nerve and function based off the name of the Nucleus: Cochlear
Special Sensory (SSA) CN VIII Hearing
29
What is a general rule about sympathetic fibers in the head?
They are all postganglionic arising from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk THey travel on vessels of the structures they innervate (Deep petrosal Nerve)
30
What are the 4 ganglia in the head that Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers arise
Cilliary Pterygopalatine Otic Submandibular
31
What 4 cranial Nerves carry Preganglionic parasympathetics
CN III, VII, IX, X
32
What nerve does post ganglionic fibers piggy back
Branches of the trigeminal to arrive at the structure they Innervate
33
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: II
Optic Special Sensory (SSA) Vision Retina of the eye
34
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: I
Olfactory Special Sensory (SSA) Smell Bipolar neurons in olfactory mucosa of nasal cavity
35
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: III
Oculomotor Somatic Motor function (GSE) Parasympathetic Motor Function (GVE) GSE: Supplies 4 extrinsic eye muscles: Superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, and Levator palpebrae superioris muscle to elevate the eyelid GVE: Innervates the sphinctor pupillae muscle to make pupil constrict Contracts ciliary muscles to make the lens of the eye more spherical (near vision) Orgin: GSE: Oculomotor GVE: Edinger Westphal
36
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: IV
Trochlear Somatic Motor (GSE) Supplies one extrinsic eye muscle (superior oblique) to move eyeball inferiorly and laterally Trochlear nucleus
37
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: VI
Abducens Somatic Motor (GSE) Innervates one extrinsic eye muscle (lateral rectus) for eye ABduction Abducens (Pontine) nucleus
38
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: V
Trigeminal ``` Branchial Motor (SVE) General Sensory (GSA) ``` SVE: Innervates the muscles of mastication ( temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids) Mylohyoid, anterior belly of Diagastric M, tensor tympani muscle and tensor veli palatini GSA: Broken down into 3 portions, Opthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular and does sensory for much of the face and also does 2/3 of tongue and oral cavity Orgin: Pons
39
Opthalmic Nerve, Branches and what it Innervates
V1 ``` Branches: Lacrimal Frontal: Supratrochlear, supraorbital Nasociliary: Long and short ciliary, infratrochlear, Ethmodial Meningeal Brnch ``` Sensory from cornea, nose, forehead, anterior scalp
40
Maxillary Nerve, branches and what it Innervates
V2 Branches: Zygomatic: Zygomaticotemporal, Zygomaticofacial Infraorbital: External nasal, Superior labial Superior alveolar: Anterior, middle, posterior Palatine: Orbital, greater and lesser palatine, pharyngeal Meningeal: Anterior and middle cranial fossa Sensory from nasal mucosa, palate, gums, cheek
41
Mandibular Nerve, branches and whay it Innervates
V3 Branches: Buccal Lingual Inferior Alveolar: Dental, Incisive, Mental Auriculotemporal: Anterior auricular, External Acoustic meatus, Temporomandibular joint, superficial temporal Meningeal: Anterior and middle cranial fossa Sensory from anterior 2/3 of tongue, skin of chin, lower jaw, lower teeth, one third of auricle of ear Innervates the muscles of mastication ( temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids) Mylohyoid, anterior belly of Diagastric M, tensor tympani muscle and tensor veli palatini
42
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: VII
Facial Nerve ``` Branchial motor (SVE) Visceral motor (GVE) General Sensory (GSA) Special Sensory (SSA) ``` SSA: Taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue SVE: Muscles of facial expression (buccinator, platysma, and occipitalis) stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of diagastric muscles GSA: supply the skin of concha of auricle and an area of skin behind ear, wall of acoustic meatus and external tympanic membrane GVE: lacrimal gland, submandibular gland and the sublingual gland Nuclei within pons
43
What are the 5 major branches to the muscles of facial expression of CN VII
Temporal, Zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, and cervical branches
44
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: VIII
Vestibulocochlear SPecial Sensory (SSA) Auditory information from the cochlea Balance information from the semicircular canals Hair cells in the vestibule of the inner ear cochlea of the inner ear
45
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: IX
Glossopharyngeal ``` Branchial Motor (SVE) Visceral Motor (GVE) Visceral Sensory (GVA) Somatic sensory (GSA) Special Sensory (SSA) ``` SVE: Supply the striated muscle of the stylopharyngeus GVE: supply the otic ganglion which sends fibers to the parotid gland GVA: Carries sensation from the carotid body and carotid sinus SSA: Taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue orgin: sensory is located in the taste buds of tongue, and the carotid bodies motor is located in the nuclei of the medulla oblongata
46
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: X
Vagus Nerve ``` Branchial Motor (SVE) Visceral Motor (GVE) Visceral Sensory (GVA) General Sensory (GSA) ``` SVE: To muscles of the pharynx, tongue (palatoglossus) and larynx (except stylopharyngeus and tensor muscles) GVE: to smooth muscles and glands of the pharynx, larynx, and thoracic and abdominal viscera GVA: From larynx, trachea, esophagus, thoracic and abdominal viscera, stretch receptors in the aortic arch, chemoreceptors and aortic bodies GSA: Back of the ear and in the external acoustic meatus, part of the external surface of the tympanic membrane and the pharynx Orgin: Motor Nuclei in medulla oblongata
47
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: XI
Accessory Nerve Branchial Motor (SVE) Supplys the Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid Orgin: Motor nuclei in spinal cord
48
Component, Function and Orgin of Cranial Nerve: XII
Hypoglossal Nerve Somatic Motor (GSE) Supplies all intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except palatoglossus (hyoglossus, genioglossus, styloglossus) Hypoglossal nucleus
49
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: XII
Hypoglossal swallowing and speech difficulties due to impaired tongue movement. If a single hypoglossal nerve left or right is paralyzed, a protruded (stuck out) tongue deviates to the side of the damaged nerve
50
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: XI
Accesssory Paralysis of trapezius and sternocleidomastoid, resulting in difficulty elevating shoulder or turning head to opposite side
51
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: X
Vagus Variety of larynx problems including: hoarsness, monotome, or complete loss of voice also lesions can cause difficulty in swallowing or impaired gastrointestinal system mobility
52
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: IX
Glossopharyngeal Reduced salivary secretion, and loss of taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
53
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: VIII
Vestibulocochlear Lesions in vestibular branch produce loss of balance, nausea, vomitting, and dizziness, Lesions in cochlear branch result in deafness (loss of hearing
54
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: VII
Facial Decreased tearing and decrease salivation loss of taste sensation to anterior 2/3 Facial nerve palsy characterized by paralyzed facial muscles, eyelid droop and sagging corner of mouth
55
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: V
Trigeminal Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) caused by inflammation of the sensory components of the trigeminal nerve leading to intense pulsating pain lasting from minutes to hours
56
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: VI
Abducens Paralysis of lateral rectus limits lateral movement of eye diplopia (double vision) In the direction of the gaze one eye will move medially but the eye trying to move laterally cant
57
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: IV
Trochlear Paralysis of superior oblique, leading to strabismus (eyes not in parallel/deviated improperly diplopia
58
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: III
Oculomotor Ptosis (upper eyelid droop) paralysis of eye muscles leading to strabismus (eyes not in parallel and deviated) diplopia focusing difficulty if in one eye, the eye will look downward and lateral and the pupil will be dilated
59
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: II
Optic Anopsia (visual defects) depends on location of lesion
60
Conditions caused by nerve damage to CN: I
Olfactory Anosmia (partial or total loss of smell
61
Visceral Parasympathetic route for CN IX
Tympanic nerve arises from CN IX and emerges through the jugular foramen Enters middle ear via the tympanic canal in petrous part of the temporal bone Tympanic nerve forms tympanic plexus lesser petrosal nerve arises as a branch of the tympanic plexus lesser petrosal goes through tympanic cavity to middle cranial fossa lesser petrosal nerve leaves through foramen ovale parasympathetic fibers synapse on otic ganglion Postsynaptic fibers pass to parotid on branches of auriculotemporal nerve CN V3

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