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Neuro Endocrine > Development of Orofacial Structures > Flashcards

Development of Orofacial Structures Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Neurocranium give rise to

A

Derived from Mesenchyme

gives rise to bones that enclose the brain

Cartilaginous and membranous components

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2
Q

what does the Viscerocranium give rise to

A

Derived from mesenchyme

gives rise to bones that comprise the facial skeleton

Cartilaginous and membranous components

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3
Q

What are the Cartilaginous and membranous parts of the Neurocranium

A 
Cartilaginous:
Occipital bone
Body of sphenoid bone
ethmoid bone
Petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone

Membranous parts:
Calveria
-frontal and parietal bones

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4
Q

What are the Cartilaginous and membranous parts of the viscerocranium

A

Cartilaginous:
all the PA CT structures

Membranous:
Maxillary prominence
squamous part of temporal bone
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
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5
Q

Craniosynstosis and the 4 types

A

Premature fusion of cranial structure

Scaphocephaly: sagital suture
head is long, narrow, and wedged shaped cranium
most common

Brachycephaly: Entire coronal suture
High, tower like cranium

Plagiocephaly: one side of coronal suture
twisted and asymetric

Trigoncephaly: Frontal suture

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6
Q

Frontal Nasal prominence derivatives

A

Forehead
dorsum/apex of nose

rostral boundary of stomodeum

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7
Q

Lateral nasal Prominence derivatives

A

Alae of nose

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8
Q

Medial Nasal Prominence derivatives

A

Nasal Septum
Ethmoid bone
Cribiform plate

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9
Q

Maxillary Prominence derivative

A

Upper check
Upper lip
and secondary palate

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10
Q

Mandibular Prominence derivative

A

Chin
Lower lip
Cheek

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11
Q

what are the 5 facial primordiaey surround and when do they appear

A

2 maxilary prominences
2 mandibular prominences
1 frontonasal prominence

surround the stomodeum=face

appear during the 4th week

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12
Q

What are the first parts of the face to form and how? what happens if it is incomplete?

A

LOwer jaw and the lip are first parts of face to form from the oropharyngeal membrane distenegrates and the 2 mandibular prominences merge together at the medial end

incomplete fusion results in a chin dimple

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13
Q

What invades the maxillary prominences

A

Primordial lips and cheeks are invaded by mesencyme from PA2 to give rise to the facial muscles

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14
Q

What are the nasal Placodes and where do they rise

A

Vilateral oval thickenings of surface ectoderm on the inferolateral portion of frontonasal prominence

Proliferation causes horse shoe shaped elevations which gives rise to the medial and lateral nasal prominences

These elevations result in formation of nasal pits and the premordial nares

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15
Q

What happens to the Median Nasal prominences

A

shifted towards the midline with medial growth of maxillary prominences

  • regulated by PDGFRA
  • Fusion results in formation of intermaxillary segment (Philtrum)
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16
Q

What happens to the lateral nasal prominences

A

Seperated from maxillary prominence by nasolacrimal groove

merges with maxillary prominence by end of week 6

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17
Q

What is the Auricular primordia

A

Six auricular hillocks form around the first pharyngeal groove
development of the mandible pushes ears from neck to side of head at level of the eyes

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18
Q

when does the nose and mandible reach its characteristic form

A

14 weeks

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19
Q

how does the skull move as the brain forms

A

the cranial cavity expands bi laterally

orbits will move from the lateral side to forward facing orientaion we are now

20
Q

How are the nasal cavities formed

A

Nasal placodes depress and form nasal pits

Mesenchyme from the medial and lateral Nasal prominences induce nasal pits to become deeper
-Primordial nasal sacs

Primordial nasal sacs grow dorsally and ventrally to the forebrain

21
Q

What separates the primordial sacs

A

Oronasal membrane seperates the primordial nasal sacs

but this will rupture at the end of week 6

22
Q

WHat is the primodal choanae

A

Connection between the nasopharynx and the nasal cavity

23
Q

What is the Nasal concahe

A

Superior, middle, and inferior turbinate

inflammed with rhinitis

24
Q

What is the Olfactory Epithelium

A

Specializes into olfactory nerve

in parkinson disease is patients lose these cells and smell prior to the onsent of parkinson symptoms

25
When does the Palate form and what is considered the critical period
two stages that occur between weeks 6-12 | Critical period- Endo of week 6, beginning of week 9
26
How is the primary palate formed
Fusion of the median Nasal prominences forms the median palatine process - located between maxillary prominences - forms premaxillary part of maxilla
27
How is the secondary palate formed
Develops from lateral palatine processes (Palatal shelves) | -Mesenchymal projections extending from internal aspects of maxillary prominences
28
How is the final Palate formed
Bone extends from the maxillae and palatine bones into the lateral palatine processes to form the hard palate -posterior portions do not ossify (soft palate and uvula) -Palatine raphe indicates the line of fusion Incisive fossa is remnant of nasopalatine canal
29
How does the nasal septum grow
Downward growth of internal parts of merged medial nasal prominences fuses with lateral palatine processes -anterior to posterior
30
Cleft lip and palate and how is it caused
Most common craniofacial malformation caused by defects in fusion can be unilateral or bilateral -unilateral on the left is the most common Risk factos: Genetics: SATB2, SHH, TGF-alpha, TGF B3, IRF6 Environmental; Antiepileptic drugs, smoking, binge drinking, folate deficiency, obesity
31
Choanal Atresia
Associated with bony abnormalities of the pterygoid plates and midfacial growth abnormalities presents as upper airway obstruction, noisy breathing, or cyanosis that worsens during feeding and improves with crying
32
How does the oral part of the tongue form
Anterior 2/3 of tongue Median ingual swelling (median tongue bud) appears at the end of the 4th week Two lateral tongue swellings (distal tongue buds) develop on either side of the median tongue swelling -induced by mesencyme from pharyngeal arch 1 Pharyngeal part- - copula = ventromedial parts of PA2 - Hypopharyngeal eminence = ventromedial parts of PA 3 and 4 Hypopharyngeal eminence over grows copula -terminal sulcus is where fusion of the oral and pharyngeal parts occur
33
What is tongue musculature derived from
myoblasts of occipital myotomes | CN XII
34
What is glossoschissis
bifid tongue, snake tongue
35
Ankyloglossia
short frenulum can present with problems breast feeding and speaking
36
Macroglossia
associated with beckwith wiedmann and down syndromes mucopolysaccharidosis big tongue
37
how does odontogenesis begin
induced by communication between neural crest cells and oral epithelium (ectoderm) consists of dental laminae -U shaped bands of oral epithelium that follow the curves of the primitive jaws
38
What is the Cap stage
the tooth bud becomes cap shaped when invested by mesenchyme
39
What are the parts of the tooth bud
Enamel organ Dental papilla Dental follicle/sac
40
What makes up the enamel organ
Ectrodermal cells from dental lamina: enamel Outer cell layer lined by outer enamel epithelium inner cell layer lines papilla lined by inner enamel epithelium stellate reticulum
41
What makes up the dental papilla
Internal part of tooth: dentin and pulp
42
What makes up the dental follicle/sac
Mesenchyme surrounding dental papilla and enamel organ | cementum
43
What happens in the bell stage
The enamel organ becomes bell shaped due to differentiation of enamel Odontoblasts: from dental papilla cells nect to inner enamel epithelium, predentin calcifies to become dentin Ameloblasts: coming from inner enamel epithelium differentiates in response to dentin production and produces enamel
44
What happens in root development
Epithelial root sheath: fusion of inner and outer enamel epithelium and production of root dentin Pulp: central dental papilla Cementum: inner cells of dental sac from cementoblasts Peridontal ligament: outer cells of dental sac
45
Eruption
Root of tooth and crown erupt through oral epithelium mandibular teeth erupt first Deciduous root is resorbed by odontoclasts
46
Permenant tooth development
Permanent dentition consists of 32 teeth Deciduous permenant teeth appear at 10 weeks Tooth buds for permanant teeth appear at different times -mostly during the fetal period Buds for 2nd/3rd permenant molars develop after birth

Neuro Endocrine (20 decks)

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