Thyroid and Larynx

Question 1

Location of the thyroid

Answer 1

Deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscles

at vertebral levels C5-T1

Isthmus anterior to the 2nd and 3rd tracheal rings

Question 2

Arterial blood supply of the thyroid

Answer 2

Superior thyroid A: supplies the anterior-superior aspects of the gland

Inferior thyroid a: Supplies the posterior-inferior aspects of the gland

Thyroid ima artery: Found in 10 percent of people located anterior to the trachea

Question 3

Veins of the thyroid

Answer 3

Superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins form the thyroid plexus of veins

Question 4

Thyroid relationships

Answer 4

Recurrent laryngeal nerves ascend in a groove between trachea and esophagus and they past deep to the posteromedial surface of the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland

ligaments bind thyroid gland to trachea and cricord cartilage of larynx

Question 5

Organization and function of the Larynx

Answer 5

Located at vertebral levels C3-C6
Connected to the pharynx and trachea

Functions: Phonation and patent airway

Question 6

Thyroid Cartilage

Answer 6

Located at C4
Laminae
Laryngeal prominence (adams apple)
Superior thyroid notch
Superior and inferior thyroid horn

Question 7

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 7

Located at C6
signet ring shaped
Laminae and arch

Question 8

Thyrohyoid membrane

Answer 8

Aperture for the internal branch of superior laryngeal N and superior laryngeal A

Question 9

Cricothyroid membrane

Answer 9

Lateral and medial cricothyroid membranes
cricothyrotomy

connect the crico cartilage and the thyroid cartilage

Question 10

Arytenoid cartilage

Answer 10

Sits on top of the Cricord cartilage

Corniculate artilage sits on on top of the arytenoid cartilage

Question 11

Laryngeal Spaces: Laryngeal cavity

Answer 11

Extends from the laryngeal inlet, through which it communicates with the laryngopharynx, to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

it is continuous with the trachea

Question 12

Laryngeal Spaces: Laryngeal vestibule

Answer 12

Between the laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds

Question 13

Laryngeal Spaces: Laryngeal ventricle

Answer 13

Between the vestibular and vocal folds

Question 14

Laryngeal Spaces: infraglottic cavity

Answer 14

Between the vocal folds and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage

Question 15

Laryngeal Spaces: Rima glottidis

Answer 15

Space between the vocal folds

Question 16

Conus Elasticus

Answer 16

Provides structure for vocal ligaments

Question 17

Vestibular folds

Answer 17

False vocal cords

Question 18

Vocal Fold

Answer 18

Vocal cords

Question 19

Cricothyroid Muscle

Answer 19

Orgin: Anterolateral part of cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Inferior margain and inferior horn of thyroid cartilage

Inn: External aryngeal Nerve (from CN X)

Stretches and tenses vocal ligament

Question 20

Thyro-arytenoid Muscle

Answer 20

Orgin: Lower half of posterior aspect of angle of thyroid laminae and cricothyroid ligament
insertion: Anterolateral arytenoid surface

Inn: Inferior laryngeal nerve (from CN X)

Relaxes vocal ligament

Question 21

Posterior Crico-arytenoid muscle

Answer 21

orgin: Posterior surface of lamina or cricoid cartilage
Insertion: Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

inn: Inferior laryngeal N (from CN X)

ABducts vocal folds

Question 22

Lateral Crico-arytenoid Muscle

Answer 22

Orgin: arch of cricoid cartilage
insertion: Vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

inn: Inferior laryngeal Nerve ( CN X)

Adducts vocal folds

Question 23

Transverse and oblique arytenoids

Answer 23

orgin: One arytenoid cartilage
insertion: Contralateral arytenoid cartilage

inn: Inferior laryngeal Nerve (CN X)

Adduct arytenoid cartilages

Question 24

Vocalis Muscle

Answer 24

Orgin: Lateral surfcae of vocal process of arytenoid cartilage
insertion: Ipsilateral vocal ligament

Inn: Inferior laryngeal nerve (CN X)

Relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining tension of anterior part

Question 25

What muscles are active during forced respiration

Answer 25

Posterior crico-arytenoid so it can Abduct the vocal folds to increase the opening

Question 26

What muscles are active during phonation

Answer 26

Lateral crico arytenoid Transverse and oblique arytenoids to keep the vocal folds opening closed ish

Question 27

What muscles are active during whispering?

Answer 27

Lateral crico arytenoid and the oblique arytenoid this makes a small opening at the bottom

Question 28

Superior Laryngeal Artery

Answer 28

Accompanies internal branch of superior laryngeal Nerve supplies the superior larynx above the vocal folds

Question 29

Inferior laryngeal Artery

Answer 29

Supplies the inferior Larynx below the vocal folds Accompanies the inferior Laryngeal Nerve

Question 30

Superior Laryngeal nerve branches into the internal and external branches:

Answer 30

Internal branch of superior laryngeal Nerve is sensory innervates the sensory above the vocal folds External branch of the superior laryngeal Nerve is motor and innervates the cricothyroid muscle

Question 31

Inferior Laryngeal Nerve

Answer 31

Terminal branch of recurrent laryngeal nerve Sensory and motor innervates all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for cricothyroid sensory below the vocal folds