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Neuro Endocrine > Triangles of the neck and misc > Flashcards

Triangles of the neck and misc Flashcards

1
Q

What is found at the Vertebral level of C3-C4

A

Body of the hyoid bond
Upper margin of the thyroid cartilage
Bifurcation of common carotid artery

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2
Q

What is found at the vertebral levels of C5 and C6

A

Arch of cricord cartilage

Superior end of the esophagus and trachea

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3
Q

What makes up the borders of the Posterior triangle

A

Sternocleidomastoid (anteriorly)
Trapezius (posteriorly)
Clavicle (inferiorly)

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4
Q

What is considered the floor of the Posterior triangle?

A

Floor is covered by prevertebral layer of deep fascia

Semispinalis capitis M
Splenius Capitus M
Levator Scapulae M
Posterior, middle, and anterior Scalene Muscles

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5
Q

What are the Arteries that run in the Posterior triangle

A 
Subclavian A
Thyrocervical Trunk
Transverse cervical A
Dorsal scapular A
Suprascapular A
Part of the occipital A
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6
Q

Relationships of the Posterior Triangle: Transverse cervical artery

A

runs superficially and laterally across the phrenic nerve and anterior scalene muscle

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7
Q

Relationships of the Posterior Triangle: suprascapular A

A

Passes inferolaterally across the anterior scalene muscle and phrenic nerve

travels with the suprascapular N

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8
Q

Relationships of the Posterior Triangle: External Jugular Vein

A

Begins inferior to the angle of the mandible by the joining of the retromandibular V and the posterior auricular vein

EJV will then drain into the subclavian V

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9
Q

Relationships of the Posterior Triangle: subclavian V

A

the subclavian V is anterior to the anterior scalene m and then will join with the internal jugular V to form the brachiocephalic vein

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10
Q

What are the 4 cutaneous branches of the Posterior triangle and where do they emerge from

A

Lesser occipital N
Great Auricular N
Transverse cervical N
Suprascapular N

come from the cervical plexus and emerge around the middle of the posterior SCM this is called the nerve point of the neck or Erbs point

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11
Q

what does the Lesser occipital nerve innervate cutaneously

A

skin of neck and scalp posterior to the auricle

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12
Q

What does the Great auricular nerve innervate cutaneously

A

Skin and sheath over parotid gland, mastoid process, auricle and angle of mandible

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13
Q

What does the suprascapular nerve innervate cutaneously

A

skin over the clavicle and over the shoulder

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14
Q

Nerves located in the Posterior Triangle

A 
Lesser occipital N
Great Auricular N
Transverse cervical N
Suprascapular N
Spinal Accessory (XI)
Phrenic N
Roots of brachial plexus
Ansa cervicalis: in fascia of carotid sheath
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15
Q

Torticollis

A

contraction or shortening of Sternocleidomastoid m that causes the head to tilt toward and the face to turn away from the affected side

due to spinal accessory nerve damage, usually at Erbs point

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16
Q

Sub triangles of the Posterior triangle

A

Occipital triangle
Omoclavicular (subclavian) triangle

split by the Inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

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17
Q

Borders of the anterior Triangle

A

Midline of the neck (medially)
Sternocleidomastoid (laterally)
Lower border of mandible (superiorly)

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18
Q

Muscles of the anterior triangle: Suprahyoid muscles

A

Elevate hyoid and larynx

Mylohyoid
stylohyoid
Diagastric Muscles (anterior and posterior)
Gleniohyoid Muscle

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19
Q

Muscles of the anterior Triangle: Infrahyoid Muscles

A

Depress hyoid and larynx

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid Muscle
Sternothyroid M
Thyrohyoid muscle

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20
Q

Branches of the External Carotid Artery

A 
Superior Thyroid A
Lingual A
Facial A
Ascending pharyngeal A
Occipital A
Posterior Auricular A
Maxillary A
Superficial temporal A
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21
Q

What are the four subdivisions of the Anterior triangle

A

Submandibular (diagastric) triangle
Submental Triangle
Carotid Triangle
Muscular Triangle

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22
Q

Submandibular Triangle: Borders

A

Inferior border of the mandible
anterior belly of digastric M
Posterior belly of Diagastric Belly

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23
Q

Submandibular Triangle: Floor

A

Mylohyoid Muscle
Hypoglossus m
middle pharyngeal constrictor M

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24
Q

Submandibular Triangle Contents

A 
Submandibular gland
submandibular lymph nodes
hypoglossal N (CN XII): lays on the hyoglossus M
Nerve to mylohyoid 
Parts of Facial N and A
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25
Submental Triangle: Borders, and floor
Body of Hyoid Right and left anterior belly of diagastric M Mylohyoid Muscles
26
Submental Triangle Contents
Submental lymph nodes | small veins that unite to form the anterior jugular vein
27
Muscular Triangle Borders
Superior belly of Omohyoid Sternocleidomastoid M and median plane of the neck
28
Muscles contained in the Muscular triangle
Sternohyoid M Sternothyroid M Thyrohyoid M
29
Muscular triangle Contents
``` THyroid gland, parathyroid gland larynx trachea esophogus ``` Common carotid Superior thyroid a Inferior thyroid A ``` Anterior jugular V Thyroid Veins (superior, middle, and inferior) ``` Ansa cervicalis N Eternal Laryngeal N Recurrent laryngeal N
30
Carotid triangle borders
Superior belly omohyoid posterior belly of digastric Sternocleidomastoid M
31
Carotid triangle floor
Thyrohyoid M Hyoglossus M Middle and inferior constrictor muscles of the pharynx
32
Carotid triangle contents
``` Carotid Sheath Branches of the external carotid A Internal and external laryngeal nerves hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) Spinal accessory N (CN XI) ansa cervicalis Nerve ```
33
Carotid Triangle Vasculature: External carotid branches
Superior thyroid a ( gives fise to the superior laryngeal a and supplies the thyroid) Ascending pharyngeal a ( only medial branch and medial to Internal carotid A) ``` Lingual a (anterior to middle pharyngeal constrictor, deep to hypoglossal nerve, stylohyoid m. and the posterior belly of digastric, disappears deep to hyoglossus m.) ``` Facial a ( gives rise to ascending palatine artery and tonsillary a, fond deep to submandibular gland and angle of the mandible (pulse point) Occipital a ( passes superficial to ICA and hypoglossal n Posterior auricular a ( ascends between external acoustic meatus and mastoid process) finally terminates into the maxillary artery and the superficial temporal a
34
Carotid Sinus
Baroreceptor measures blood pressure innervated by carotid sinus nerve -contains nerves from both Vagus (X) and Glossopharyngeal (IX)
35
Carotid Body
Chemoreceptor measures oxygen levels Innervated by carotid sinus nerve -contains branches from both Vagus (X) and glossopharyngeal (IX)
36
What are the contents of the carotid sheath
``` Carotid arteries (medial) Internal Jugular Vein (Lateral) Vagus Nerve (Posterior) Ansa Cervcalis (anterior or embedded in sheath) ```
37
What three CN give rise in the carotid Triangle
Vagus (X) -gives rise to pharyngeal branch -superior laryngeal branch ( then divides into internal and external) carotid body branch Spinal Accessory Nerve (XI) Hypoglosseal Nerve (XII)
38
Thoracic Inlet/outlent
inlet: anatomists refrence to superior thoracic aperture where food and air may enter outlet: Clinician reference to superior thoracic aperture where arteries and nerves emerge
39
Contents of THoracic inlet/outlent
``` APEX of LUNG subclavian artery and vein brachial plexus Vagus N Phrenic N Thoracic duct Right lymphatic duct sympathetic chain Trachea Esophagus ```
40
Phrenic Nerve
C3-4-5 Right and a left Sole motor supply to the diaghragm Arises from the neck so that despite spinal cord injuries still can breathe lies superficial to the anterior scalene
41
Cervical Plexus
C1-C4 superficial branches: sensory Deep branches: Motor
42
Cervical Plexus: Great Auricular N
C2-C3 sensory
43
Cervical Plexus: Lesser Occipital Nerve
C2 sensory
44
Cervical Plexus: Supraclavicular Nerves
C3-C4 sensory
45
Cervical Plexus: Transverse Cervical Nerve
C2-C3 sensory
46
Cervical Plexus: Meningeal Nerve
C1-C2 sensory to floor of posterior cranial fossa
47
Cervical Plexus: Anas cervicalis
superior branch: C1-C2 Inferior branch: C2-C3 Motor
48
Cervical Plexus: Phrenic Nerve
C3-C4-C5 | Motor
49
Superior Cervical ganglion
Located at C1 and C2 sympathetics
50
Middle Cervical Ganglion
Located at C6 at the level of the cricord cartilage smallest of the 3 and may be absent sympathetics
51
Inferior cervical Ganglion
In 80 percent of people the inferior cervical ganglion fuses with the 1st thoracic ganglion and is termed the stellate (cervicothoracic) ganglion located anterior to transverse process of C7
52
Platysma
Muscle of fascial expression innervated by the facial N (VII) ``` Found in the Superficial Fascia along with cutaneous nerves blood and lymphatic vessels superficial lymph nodes and fat ```
53
Deep Cervical Fascia: Investing Layer
most superficial surrounds the entire neck encloses the Trapezius and SCM muscles Encloses the parotid gland and the submandibular gland
54
Deep Cervical Fascia: Pretracheal layer
located only in the anterior region of the neck Blend with the fibrous pericardium of the heart (mediastium) Muscular layer (infrahyoid muscles) Buccopharyngeal fascia and a visceral layer
55
Deep Cervical Fascia: Prevertebral Layer
Encloses the vertebral column and associated muscles Extends laterally as the axillary sheath into the arm Extends from the cranial base to the mediastinum
56
Retropharyngeal space
Posterior to pharynx bound by the buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly, and the prevertebral fascia posteriorly and the carotid sheath laterally Retropharyngeal abscess develops secondary to lymphatic drainage or spread of upper respiratory or oral infections Causes difficulty in swallowing and speaking and can be life threatening
57
Five groups of superficial lymph nodes and what do they drain?
Occipital: drain posterior scalp and neck Mastoid: (retro-auricular/posterior auricular) drain posterolateral half of scalp Pre auricular and parotid: drain anterior auricular, anterolateral scalp and upper half of face Submandibular: follows facial artery and drains part of gingivae teeth and tongue, upper lip and lateral lower lip Submental: drains center part of lower lip, chin, floor of mouth, tip of tongue and lower incisor teeth
58
Superficial cervical Lymphnodes
Collection of nodes alon the external jugular vein recieve lymph from the posterior and posterolateral regions of the scalp will drain into deep cervical nodes
59
Deep cervical Lymph nodes
Collection of nodes along internal jugular vein upper and lower deep cervical nodes
60
Jugulodigastric
most superior node in the upper deep cervical node located at C3-C4 near posterior belly of diagastric node
61
Jugulo-omohyoid
associated with lower deep cervical nodes located at the C6 inferior to tendon of omohyoid M

Neuro Endocrine (20 decks)

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