Cranial Vault Flashcards by Maria Zepeda

What are the 3 bones of the foor of the cranium?

Frontal (ant)
Parietal (middle)
Occipital (post)

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Suture between the frontal and parietal bones

Coronal Suture

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Suture between parietal bones

Saggital Suture

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Suture between the parietal and occipital bones

Lambda

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junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures

Bregma

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junction of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures meet

Lambda

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In the frontal bone, a groove that runs ant to post. Attaches.

Groove for the superior sagittal sinus

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Pitting on the parietal bones

Granular foveolae

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Grooves left behind by the middle meningial artery on the parietal bone since it is embedded on it.

Grooves for the middle meningeal artery

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What aretery prominatley supplys blood to the dura?

Middle meningial artery

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What are the 3 bones in the anterior cranial fossa?

Frontal bone – anterior and lateral directions
Ethmoid bone – in the midline
Sphenoid bone – midline (body) and lateral (lesser wing) – posterior

frontal (pink), Ethmoid (green), Sphenoid (yellow)

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Thin part of frontal bone by the eye

Orbital Plate

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What part of ethmoid bone (green)?

At the junction of the frontal bone and the ethmoid bone
Emissary vein from nose to superior sagittal sinus

Foramen Cecum

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What part of ethmoid bone (green)?

Lateral on the ethmoid bone, **Have little holes, Location where olfactory bulbs of CN1 sit **and travel into the nasal cavity.

Alow olfactory neuron to travel to the nose.

Cribifrom Plate of Ethmoid Bone

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What part of ethmoid bone (green)?

Allow passage of ant and posterior ethmodial vein and nerve.

(anterior is larger)

Anterior & Posterior ethmoidal foramen

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What part of ethmoid bone (green)?

Triangular fin like structure in the center, attachment point for dura.

Crista galli

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What part of sphenoid bone (yellow)? ant.

In anterior, lateral smaller wings

Lesser wings

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What part of sphenoid bone (yellow)? Ant.

Off of the lesser wings, centered more anterior

Body of sphenoid

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What part of sphenoud bone (yellow)? ant.

Comes off going posterior to the lesser wings

Anterior Clinoid Process

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What are the 2 bones in the middle cranial fossa?

Sphenoid – greater wing
Temporal

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What part of sphenoid bone (yellow)? middle

In the center of the sphenoid bone, in between greater wings.

The cowboy Saddel

Sella turcica

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What part of sella turcica (spehnoid bone)?

Right in the center of sella turnica. Where the pituitary gland sits.

Pitutatry glad is the rider on the saddle.

Hypophyseal fossa

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What part of sella turcica (spehnoid bone)?

On the posterior aspect, has a posterior clinoid process on either side

Dorsum Sellae

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What part of sella turcica (spehnoid bone)?

Posterior, on either side of the dosum sellae

Posterior clinoid process

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# What part of sella turcica (spehnoid bone)? Located anterior, Helps form part of **chiasamatic groove where optic nerve comes through**, and criss crosses into the canal

Tuberculum Sellae

# What part of sella turcica (spehnoid bone)? Groove where ** optic nerve comes through and criss crosses into the canal**

Chiasmatic groove | Chiasmic= cross over.

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina Where is the optic canal?

If positioned at the sellae turcia, anterior to this.

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina What goes throught the optic canal?

* Optic Nerve CN2 * Optic/opthalmic Artery

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina Where does the superior orbital fissure sit?

Sits lateral to the optic canal LOTS goes through here.

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina What 5 goes through the superior orbital fissure?

1. Occulomotor CN3 2. Trochlear CN4 3. Opthalmic CN5V1 4. Abducent CN6 5. Superior opthalmic Veins

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina Where is the foramen Rotundum?

The wide opening. Located laterally anterior and below superior orbical fissure

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina What goes through the foramen rotundum?

Maxillary nerve CN5V2

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina Where is the foramen ovale?

Located more posteriro lateral on he sphenoid. Larger.

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina What goes through the foramen ovale?

* Mandibular CN5V3 * Somtimes acc. middle meningial artery

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina Where is the foramen spinosum located?

Even more posterior lateral from center. Farthest out

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina What goes through the Foramen spinosum

* Middle meningeal artery and associated vein * Recurrent meningeal ln. (CN V3)

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina Where is the foramen lacerum located?

Right posterior lateral to the dorsum sellae.

# Sphenoid fissures and foramina What goes through the foramen lacerum?

* Cartilaginous plug * Meningeal br. of ascending pharyngeal a. somtimes...

# What are the What are the 6 forament and fissure of the sphenoid bone?

1. Optic canal 2. Superior orbital fissure 3. Foramen rotundum 4. Foramen ovale 5. Foramen Spinosum 6. Foramen lacerum

# Temporal bone fissures and foramina What are the 3 Foramen and fissure in the temporal bone?

1. Groove and hiatus for greater petrosal nevre 2. Groove and hiatus for lesser petrossal nerve 3. Tegmen Tympani

# Temporal bone fissures and foramina What is the petrirfied and very hard portion of the temporal bone called? | Middle and inner ear (protected well)

Petrous part

# Temporal bone fissures and foramina * Greater petrosal n. (CN VII), * petrosal branch of middle meningeal a.

Groove and Hiatus for the **greater petrosal** nerve

# Temporal bone fissures and foramina * Lesser petrosal n. (branch from tympanic plexus originally from CN IX – glossopharyngeal)

Groove and Hiatus for the **lesser petrosal** nerve | Closer to foramen ovale and spinosum

# Temporal bone fissures and foramina Space below the tympanic membrane that leads to the inner ear.

Tegmen tympani

What are the 4 bones in the posterior cranial fossa?

* Temporal (majority) * Occipital (good amount) * Sphenoid (small contribution laterally) * Parietal (small contribution anteriorly)

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa What is the slide posterior from sphenoid? Leads to foramen magnum

Clivus

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa Describe Foramen magnum?

In the occipital bone, LARGE opening. Lots passes through

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa What passes through the foramen magnum

1. Spinal cord 2. Spinal roots of CN XI after it has exited and come back up through and exit later 3. Vertebral aa. 4. Anterior and posterior spinal aa. 5. Meninges 6. Veins

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa Where is the external acoustic meatus?

Anterior and superior to the jugular foramen on the **temporal bone**

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa What goes through the internal acoustic meatus

1. Facial Nere CN7 2. Vestibulochoclear CN8 3. Internal labyrinthine artery

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa THe 2nd largest opening in the the occipital bone, lateral anterior to the foramen magnum

Jugular foramen

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa What goes through the jugular foramen?

1. Glossopharyngeal CN9 2. Vagus CN10 3. Acessory CN11 4. Inferiro petrosal sinus + sigmoid sinus forming the internal jugular vein

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa What happens if you have an aneurysm or blockage of the Internal labyrinthine artery?

Loose all inner ear function

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa What 2 sinuses for the internal jugular vein?

Inferior petrosal sinus + Sigmoid sinus

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa Where is the hypoglossal canal located?

Located more medial that the juglar, close to foramen magnum.

# Structures and foramina of Posterior Fossa What travels through the hypoglossal canal?

1. Hypoglossal CN12 2. Menegial branch of ascending pharygeal artery

2 layers, most external layer of the meninges

Dura Mater

Explain the 2 layers of the dura mater

1. Periosteal layer; next to the skull 2. Meningeal layer ; next to arachnoid mater

In certain layers of the dura mater the 2 layers (periosteal and meningeal later) wil split open this results in?

Free venous blood flow between these 2 layers with no valves

Contains CFS and blood vessles (A/V) for the brain. Under the dura mater

Arachnoid matter. | Can be pulled off, loosley associated

Below the arachnoud mater, Closely invests on the surface of the brain. **Enters grooves and fissures on the surface of the brain** | Cannot be seperated from brain ina disection

Pia Mater

Explain Extradural space

Potential space between the dura and bone

What happens if you rupture the **middle meningial artery in the extradural space**?

Blood can pool, creating a potential space, pusing dura mater away from scull and pooling.

Explain the subdural space

Potential space between the **dura and the arachnoid mater**

What happnes if you get a blood vessel that bursts in the **subdural space?**

Blood will pool and seperate the arachnoid matter from the dura matter.

Explain the extradural space and subdural space in an x-rays

Extradural= dura is thick tight boundry so it is a clear boundry. Subdural= not as clear, fuzzy boundry

Deep to the arachnoid mater – only normally occurring fluid-filled space of the meninges

Subarachnoid space

Explain Cerebral Spinal Fluid

* Produced by the choroid plexus (primarily in the ventricles of the brain) **(FROM BLOOD)** * CSF returns to the venous system through arachnoid villi * Arachnoid granulations (clumps of arachnoid villi) into the superior sagittal sinus **protective barrier and floats brain**

**Clumps of arachnoid vili** that project for into superior sagital sinus and return liquid portion of CSF back to the heart.

Arachnoid granulations

Surgery and injury to scalp can result in what?

Hematoma forming and moving losley through the loose connective tissue of the scalp.

A tear into the cerebral vein where it crosses the dura to enter the cranial venous sinus can result in what?

a subdural hematoma

Ruptured anuerysm of vessles of the cerberal arterial circle hemmorage directy into the ?

Subarachnoid space and CSF

# Dural Folds Mowhawk, Down the middle, sperates cerebral cortex (R/L)

Falx cerebri

# Dural Folds Splits bewteent the cerebellum

Falx cerebelli

# Dural Folds Shelf of dura matter, covers the entrire posterior cranial fossa

Tentorium cerebelli

# Dural Folds Dura matter that covers the pituitary glad in place on the sellae turnica.

Diaphragma sellae

# Vasculature – Arterial Supply * Branches from ethmoidal arteries (ophthalmic a. via internal carotid a.) | blood supply of anteiror fossa

Anterior meningeal arteries

* Branch from the maxillary artery * Enters the cranium via the **foramen spinosum**

Middle meningeal arteries | Rupture= extradural hematoma

* Branch from the ascending pharyngeal artery * Meningeal branch from the occipital artery * Meningeal branch from the vertebral artery | Posterior fossa

Posterior Meningial Artery

What is the nerve that provides main sensory nerves of the head?

**Trigeminal Nerve CN5** Ophthalmic division (V1) Falx cerebri Tentorium cerebelli Anterior floor Maxillary division (V2) Middle cranial fossa Mandibular division (V3) Follows distribution of middle meningeal artery

The brain has no pain receptors but the ____ has sensory signals. **pain originates from here!*

Dura Mater

What is the sensory innervation of the posterior fossa?

Cervical nerves C1/C2

If you get stiff neck muscles in the back of neck/head innervated by posterior rami C2/C3 and you have rami from C1/C2 going up to the dura this results in what?

You have reffered tensions headaches in the back of our head. | Pain relayed back through C1/C2

Where do all the dural venous sinuses eventually drain?

Internal Jugular Vein

# Dural Venous Sinuses Across the top of the head | Most external

Superior Sagittal Sinus

# Dural Venous Sinuses Run on inferior portion of faux

Inferior sagittal Sinus

# Dural Venous Sinuses The inferior sagittal sinus goes posterior and joins with what?

The great Cerebral Vein

# Dural Venous Sinuses The great cerebral vein and the inferior sagittal vein join to become what?

The straight Sinus

# Dural Venous Sinuses The posterior merging of the straight sinus and the superior sagital sinus results in?

The confluence of sinuses | *small occipital sinus joins as well*

# Dural Venous Sinuses **Laterally**, travels anterior from the **confluence of sinuses** towards the sigmoid sinus.

Transverse Sinus

# Dural Venous Sinuses Laterally, from the transverse sinus into ___

Sigmoid Sinus

# Dural Venous Sinuses The sigmoid sinus heads towards the jugular foramen to exit and empty down into the?

**Cavernous sinus** and then internal jugular

# Dural Venous Sinuses Drain the anterior portion of skull and both join togehter.

Superior petrosal sinus Inferior petrosal sinus | Basilary sius is anteiror side

Explain cavernous Sinus

Sits around the sellae turcica and pituitary glad. Meet on either side. Lots of nerves and blood vesses run through. it.

What 2 structures pass THROUGH the cavernous sinus?

1. Internal carotid artery 2. Abducent nerve (CN 7)

What structures are on the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus?

1. Oculomotor nerve (CN 3) 2. Trochlear nerve (CN 4) 3. Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1) 4. Maxillary nerve (CN5 V2)

What occurs if thrombosis or aneurysim of ICA (push out) occurs in the area of the cavernous sinus?

Lots of nerves in the area so pt. will experiance pain very rapid and onset, nerves will be damaged. CN 3,4,5 V1,V2, V6

Explain 12 cranial nerves

1. Olfactory (Through olfactory bulb crib plate, to nose) 2. Optic (through optic canal; eye) 3. Oculomotor (Superior orbital fissure) 4. Trochlear (Superior Orbital Fissure) 5. Trigeminal (branches superior orbital fissure V1, foramen rotundum V2, foramen ovale V3) 6. Abducent (superior orbital fissure) 7. Facial (Internal acoustic meatus) 8. Vestibulocochlear (internal acoustic meatus) 9. Glossopharyngeal (Jug foramen) 10. Vagus (jug foramen) 11. Accessory (jug foramen) 12. Hypoglossal (hypoglossa canal)

Cranial Vault Flashcards

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