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ANT 1001 Lecture > Neck II Lecture > Flashcards

Neck II Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What is the posterior triangle?

A

Trianngel formed between the sternocleidomastoid muscle, clavical, and trapezius muscle.

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2
Q

What are the two triangles withing the posterior triangle?

A
  • Occipital triangle (sup)
  • Omnoclvicular triangle
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3
Q

What are the two posterior triangles divided by?

A

They are divided by the omohyloid muslces (inferior bell)

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4
Q

What is the occipital triangle surrounded by?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid (medially)
  • Trapezius (laterally)
  • Inferior bellly of the omhyoid.
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5
Q

What is the subclavian omnoclavicular triangle surrounded by?

A
  • Sternocleidomastoid (medially)
  • Clavicle inferiorly
  • Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
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6
Q

What are the nerves in the posterior triangle ?

A
  • Acessory N. (CN11)
  • Cutaneuous branches of Cervical Plexus
  • Brachial Plexus.
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7
Q

Explain the path of the acessory nerve (CN 11) in the posterior triangle.
What does it innervate?

A
  • Passes out from the skull
  • Goes uner the sternocleidomastoid m. 2/3 way the
  • Heads toward the **trapezius **
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8
Q

What are the 4 cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

Sensory!

A
  1. Lesser occispital n
  2. Great Auricular n
  3. Transverse Cervical n
  4. Supraclavicular n

Superficial Sensory!

Alll come out of one point an then spread out

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9
Q

What Cutaneous Branch

nerves goes back up to the head

A

lesser occipital n.

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10
Q

What Cutaneous Branch

Nerve goes behind the ear

A

Great Auricular n.

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11
Q

What Cutaneous Branch

Nerve comes across the neck and toward the anterior part of neck

A

Transverse Cervical n.

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12
Q

What Cutaneous Branch

Comes out with many branches above the clavical and back shoulder.

A

Supraclavicular N.

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13
Q

What cervical nerves contribute ot the cervical plexus?

A

C1,C2,C3,C4

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14
Q

** Explain which cervical nerve each come off of:**
Lesser occipital n.
Great auricular n.
Transverse cervical n.
Supraclavicular n.

A
  • Lesser occipital n. = C2
  • Great auricular n.= C2/C3
  • Transverse cervical n.= C2/C3
  • Supraclavicular n.= C3/C4
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15
Q

What prominant nerve comes off the cervical plexus?

A

Phrenic Nerves
C3,C4, C5

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16
Q

Loops that comes off C1, C2 contributes, and C3.
In the cervical Plexus.

A

Ansa Cervicalis

Superior and Inferor root

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17
Q

Post. Triangle

Explan the sternocleidomastoid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Has a clavicular head and a sternal head
  • Innervated by Acessory nerve CN 11 & anterior rami of C2-C3

Function:
Unilaterally: tilt head to shoulder (same side) turn face (opposite)
Bilaterally: draw head forward

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18
Q

Post. Triangle

Explain the Omohyoid muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Laterally on superior boarder of the scapula
  • Superiorly attached on the inferior boarder of the hyoid bone
  • Has a mid way tendenous structure forming inferior & superior belly

Innervated: Ansa Cervicalis (C1-C3)

Function:
Contract-> depress hyoid bone

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19
Q

Post. Triangle

Explain the Anterior Scalene muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the transverse process of vertebrae C3-6
  • Rib 1 upper surface

Innervated: Anterior rami nerves C4-C7

Function:
Contract-> Elevate rib 1

Floor of triangle.(more posterior)

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20
Q

Post. Triangle

Explain the Middle Scalene muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the transverse process of vertebrae C2-C7
  • Rib 1 upper surface

Innervated: Anterior rami nerves C3-C7

Function:
Contract-> Elevate rib 1

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21
Q

Post. Triangle

Explain the Posterior Scalene muscles.
Innervation?
Function?

A
  • Attaches to the transverse process of vertebrae C4-C6
  • Rib 2 upper surface

Innervated: Anterior rami nerves C5-C7

Function:
Contract-> Elevate rib 2

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22
Q

Explain the relationship of the subclavian artery and scalene muscles

A

The subclavian artery passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles on rib 1.

The anterior and middle scalene muscles can therefore act as a consrictor point of the subclavian artery if they have too much tension. Pinch it off!

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23
Q

What are the 4 triangular divisions of the Anterior triangle?

A
  1. Submental : below chin
  2. Submandibular : Jaw
  3. Muscular : ant. portion of neck
  4. Carotid: posterior lateral
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24
Q

Ant. Triangle

Explpaint the boundry, floor, and contens of the submental triangle

A

Boundaries:
Anterior belly of digastric
Hyoid bone (inferiory)

Floor:
Mylohyoid muscle

Contents:
Submental nodes
Beginning of anterior jugular vein

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25
# Submental Triangle AExplain the **Anterior belly Digastric** muscles. Innervation? Function?
* Attaches to the mandible * Inferiorly attaches to the hyoid bone via a tendon **Innervated:** Mylohyoid n. (from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve V3 from CN5. **Function:** * Fix hyoid bone, open mandible * Raise hyoid bone, close mandible
26
Explain the **Mylohyoid** muscles. Innervation? Function?
Behind Digastric * Attaches to the mandible at the mylohyoid line * Attaches to at the hyoid bone and muscle fibers opposite (posterior) to the hyoid. **Innervated:** Mylohyoid n. (from inferior alveolar branch of mandibular nerve V3 from CN5 trigeminal nerve) **Function:** * Support and elevation of the oral cavity *Contact, elevate hyoid and elevate floor of oral cavity
27
Explain the **Geniohyoid** muscles. Innervation? Function? **not part of submental triangle**
Behind Mylohyoid m. * Attaches to the inferior mental spine of the mandible * Attaches to at the hyoid bone (ant surface) . **Innervated:** Branch from anterior ramus of C1 (Carried along Hypoglossal n. CN12) **Function:** * Fix mandible, hyoid bone forwards * Fix hyoid, pulls mandible downward and inwards
28
Explain the boundary, floor, and contents of the **Submandibular triangle**
**Boundaries:** Mandible Posterior & anterior digastric m **Floor:** Mylohyoid m. Hyoglossus m. Superior Constrictors of the pharynx **Contents:** Submandibular salivary glands Submandibular nodes Facial artery and vein Hypoglossus and Stylohyoid mm. Carotid sheet (Internal carotid, Internal jugular, Vagus n.)
29
Explain the **Digastric** post. belly muscles. Innervation? Function?
* Attaches to the mastoid process (next and below ext. auditory meatus) * Tendon attachment to hyoid (loop) **Innervated:** Facial N (CN7) **Function:** * Pull hyoid upward and back
30
Explain the **Stylohyoid** muscles. Innervation? Function?
* Attaches to the styloid process * Attached to hyoid bone laterally **Innervated:** Facial N (CN7) **Function:** * Pulls hyoid bone upward in a posterosuperior direction
31
Explain the boundary, floor, and contents of the **Muscular Triangle**
**Boundaries:** Omohyoid Sternocleidomastoid midline of neck **Floor:** Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid mm. **Contents:** Thyroid gland Larynx Trachea Esophagus
32
Explain the **Sternohyoid** muscles. Innervation? Function?
* Attaches to the manubrium + sternoclavicular joint * Attaches to hyoid bone (inferior border) **Innervated:** Ansa Cervicalis; Anterior Rami C1-C3 **Function:** * Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing when it contracts.
33
Explain the **Sternothyroid** muscles. Innervation? Function?
* Attaches to the manubrium (post surface ) * Attached to thyroid cartilage (superiorly) **Innervated:** Ansa Cerivcals (ant. Rami C1-C3) **Function:** * Draw Larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward
34
What the **two muscles** that sit directly beneath the **sternohyoid** muscle and omohyloid in the neck?
* Sternothyroid * Thyrohyoid
35
Explain the **Thyrohyoid** muscles. Innervation? Function?
* Attaches to the thyroid cartilage (inferiorly, larynx.) * Attaches to greater horn of the hyoid bone **Innervated:** Anterior ramus C1 (along Hypoglossal CN 12) **Function:** * Depress hyoid bone, if larynx is fixed * Raise larynx when hyoid bone is fixed
36
What are the two parts of the Hyoid bone?
* Greater horn (sides) * lesser horn (little poke ups)
37
Explain the boundary, floor, and contents of the **Carotid Triangle**
**Boundaries:** * Posterior digastirc m * Sternocleidomastoid m * Superior belly of omohyoid **Floor:** * Portion of thyrohyoid m * Hypoglossus m * Middle constrictor & inferior m **Contents:** * Carotid sheath: Internal carotid a., Internal jugular v., * Vagus n., * external carotid branches, * deep cervical nodes
38
Explain the carotid Sinus
* At bifurcation of common carotid artery (C3/C4) * It is the widening of the internal carotid artery * Tunica intima (inner wall) gets thinner, tunic adventitia (outer layer) thicker. * Tunica Adventita contain nerve endings from CN 9 **functions as a baroreceptor; determining blood pressure for the rest of the body**
39
What functions as a baroreceptor for the body?
Carotid Sinus
40
Explain the Carotid Body
* At bifurcation of common carotid artery **(C3/C4)** * Vascular organ; redish brown mass o cells * **Arterial chemoreceptor** innervated by CN 9/ CN10. * Checks **CO2 and O2 levels in blood.**
41
What functions as an **aterial chemoreceptor** that Checks **CO2 and O2 levels** in blood?
Carotid Body
42
What is innervation of the carotid body?
-CN9 & CN10 -Pre-ganglionic sympathetic. **post-ganglionic is in the carotid body**
43
Artery that branches off carotid and goes straight up to the head?
Internal carotid artery
44
What are the **8 arteries** that come of the external carotid artery?
**Supply a lot of blood** **TOP** 1. Maxillary a. 2. Superficial temporal a. 3. Posterior auricular a. 4. Occipital a. 5. Facial a 6. Lingual a. 7. Ascending pharyngeal a. 8. Superior thyroid a. **BOTTOM**
45
Artery that that comes off carotid, goes down to supply **thyroid gland**?
Superior thyroid artery
46
Artery that comes off **external carotid artery, posteriorly** at same spot as superior thyroid artery and then goes to **supply the pharynx (tiny artery)**
Ascending phalangeal artery
47
Artery that comes off external carotid artery **anteriorly,** moving forward into the g**eoglossal muscles and supply the oral cavity** ?
Lingual Artery
48
Artery that comes off external carotid artery **superior to the lingual artery**, going**under the mandible,** doing a loop and come **over lateral edge** of the mandible and supply * the lips, alongside nose, and underneath eye.*
Facial Artery
49
Artery that comes off external carotid artery posteriorly passing **posteriorly by mastoid and supplying the back of the head.**
Occipital artery
50
Artery that comes off external carotid artery s**uperior to the occipital artery**, behind the external auditory meatus. **Head/scalp behind ear.**
Posterior auricular artery
51
What are the 2 artery’s that come off the external common carotid that are **terminal branches**?
1. Superficial temporal artery 2. Maxillary artery
52
Artery that comes off external carotid artery up on the **side of the head**. (angry artery), terminal branch ?
Superficial temporal artery
53
Artery that comes off external carotid artery **across deep in the face**. Terminal branch.
Maxillary artery
54
What is Cranial Nerve 9?
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
55
Glossopharyngeal Nerve CN9; leaves cranial cavity via? Innervates?
**Leaves vias** jugular foramen **Innervates:** Stylopharyngeus m. (pierces) Carotid sinus Pharynx (sensory)
56
What is Cranial Nerve 10?
Vagus Nerve CN10
57
Vagus CN10; leaves cranial cavity via? Innervates?
**Leaves vias** jugular foramen **Innervates:** * Motor branches to the pharynx * Carotid body branch * Superior laryngeal n. External laryngeal n. Internal laryngeal n. * Cardiac branch (parasympathetic innervation of the heart)
58
What is located in the jugular foramen that is the vagus nerve?
Inferior ganglion
59
Explain the superior laryngeal N branches
**Internal branch**= pierces the internal structures of the larynx and innervates **External branch**= stay outside
60
Where does the cardiac branch of the the vagus n do?
Goes down into the thorax and provides **parasympathetic innervation** to the **heart.**
61
What is Cranial Nerve 11?
Acessory Nerve CN11
61
Acessory Nerve CN11; leaves cranial cavity via? Innervates?
**Leaves Via:** * Jugular foramen **Innervates:** * Sternocleidomastoid * Trapezius
62
What is Cranial Nerve 12?
Hypoglossal Nerve CN12
63
Hypogolaasal CN12; leaves cranial cavity via? Innervates?
**Leaves Via:** * Hypoglossal Canal , passes inferior and anteriorly. **Innervates:** * All intrinsic muscle of the **tongue** * All extrinsic BUT 1 muscle of the tongue.
64
Found in the visceral compartment, sits on the trachea, has 2 lobes.
Thyroid Gland
65
Where does the thyroid gland sit in relationshio to the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery, and trachea.
* Sits anterior to the trachea * Common carotid arterys sits more posterior and medial to it * Internal jugular veins sits more anterior and lateral to the thryroid gland | **great blood supply*
66
What are the two main blood supplys of the thyroid?
1. Superior thyroid artery (from external carotid artery) 2. Inferior thyroid artery (from R/L subclavian)
67
What are the 3 main venous drainage of the thryoid?
1. Superior thyroud vein (goes to internal jugular) 2. Middle thyorid vein (goes to internal jugular) 3. Inferior thyroid vein (into right brachiocephalic vein/ left subclavian vein)
68
What is posterior to the thyroid? Dots embededed into the thyroid gland
Parathyroid glands
69
What nerve runs down laterally next to the int/ex caroitid arterts and then down next to the common carotides before branching?
Vagus Nerve CN10
70
The Right and Left reccurent largengeal nerves pass where?
Both medial to the thyroid gland and up to the larynx. | *inferior thyroid artery runs closely by*
71
Tube to the stomach. Posterior. Transition **from pharynx.**
72
What are the 2 bain branches of the subclavian artery that supply blood to the neck?
1. verterbal artery (R/L) 2. Thyrocervical Trunk
73
Where do the vertebral arterys travel through when going up the neck into the skull?
Passes through the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae.
74
What two arterys come off the thyrocervical trunk?
1. Inferior thyroid artery 2. Transverse Cervical artery (supplys anterior neck)
75
Where do sympathetics originate?
The lateral horn of the T1-L2 | No white rami in the Cervical vertebrae.
76
The sympathetic trunk travels where?
Up through the neck, tightly associated with the vertebrae.
77
WHat are the 3 ganglia in the neck?
1. Superior cervical ganglion 2. Middle cervical ganglion 3. Inferior cervical ganglion
78
Ganglion located at the bifrucation of the common carotid artery CV3/CV4
Superior cervical ganglion
79
What contributes to the superior cervical ganglion?
* **C1-C4 **(Grey rami communicans)
80
When neron exits the grey rami communicans it is __ ganglionic.
**Pre-ganglionic!** It will synapse in the Superior Cervical Ganglion
81
What Superior cervical ganglion signals go to?
* Carotid Plexus * Carotid sinus & body * Superior cardiac nerve * Spinal nerves C1-C4 * Pharynx
82
All 3 ganglion in the neck have corresponding what?
Cardiac nerves! Superior, middle inerior | All run down and innervate the heart.
83
Signals that entere the internal carotid plexus go where?
Sympathetics of the skull!
84
Middle cervical ganglia
* Spinal nerves C5 to C6 * Heart (Middle cardiac nerves)
85
Inferior cervical ganglia
* Spinal nerves C7 to T1 * Vertebral artery * Heart (Inferior cardiac nerves)

ANT 1001 Lecture (16 decks)

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