Creativity

Question 1

Popular definition of creativity

Answer 1

Something novel and relevant

Question 2

Why is novel and relevant criteria both important to creativity?

Answer 2

Not Novel but relevant: ordinary solution
Not relevant but novel: kind of pointless

Question 3

What is creativity typically operationalized as?

Answer 3

Devising a novel solution to a standard problem
Solving an insight problem

Question 4

What did early research on creativity focus on?

Answer 4

Historical, ground breaking instances of creativity, extracting that

Question 5

Describe the Kekule creativity cased in benzene

Answer 5

Try to determine the chemical structure of benzene. While dozing by the fire he had a dream of a snake eating it’s own tail and inferred that the benzene structure is a circle/ring

Question 6

Generally, historically, scholars arrived at ground breaking insight in

Answer 6

Sudden flashes, just one day through pivotal experiments. Case for artists, scientist, etc

Question 7

Describe Wallas (1926) four step theory of creative thinking and where it came from

Answer 7

Came from historical analysis
Preparation: gain knowledge of problem space
Incubation: put the problem aside, do other things
Illumination: get a flash of insight (aha)
Verification: check the insight to ensure it’s correct

Question 8

Are incubation and illumination more than metaphors?

Answer 8

Incubate an egg until the idea hatches

Question 9

Research on creativity today focuses more on?

Answer 9

Product instead of process

Question 10

Recent work suggests that creative problem solving is _____ in kind than ordinary problem sdolving

Answer 10

No different in kind

Question 11

A solution’s creativity depends on ordinary factors like?

Answer 11

Problem representation
Solution fixation
Prior knowledge
Productivity: the more problems you solve the better
Cultural transmission: most creative products are from many different cultures

Question 12

Describe the nine dot study and problem representation

Answer 12

Solution is assumed to have to be followed by constrain of the nine dot box, however the solution requires going outside of the box/ removing the necessary constraint

Question 13

Describe MacGregor et al 2001 and the nine dot problem

Answer 13

Provided nine dot, eleven dot, and twelve and thirteen dot
No one solved the nine dot problem after two tries. Would succeed in the eleven dot problem 50% in the first try, twelve dot 60%, thirteen 73% first try because they made it a shape in the arrow
Similar to putting the tacks outside the box (removed preutilization

Question 14

Describe the Remote Associates Test difficult?

Answer 14

Breaking fixation on the wrong words can get fixated (flycatcher) and makes it hard to think about food and hot

Question 15

Describe Smith and Blankenship manipulated fixation by accompanying each RAT triad with a distractor word

Answer 15

Example:
Water, pick, skate (board)
Participants attempted to answer 20 RAT problems in two sessions. Then read a story or did nothing
Doing nothing lead to a 9% improvement
Story lead to 31% mprovvement
The story helped participants break fixation on the distractor words on Test 2 (test 2 had no distractor words)
Suggest that improvement may just be based on a break from fixation

Question 16

Describe prior knowledge in Ward 1994 (make an alien study)

Answer 16

Imagine traveling to a planet different from earth, new type of animal.
11% had two wings, 41% had arms (24% two arms), many had ears,nose, legs, and eyes in typical amount

Question 17

Prior knowledge implies that creative generation requires?

Answer 17

Manipulating a known exemplar

Question 18

Describe manipulating the exemplar in prior knowledge for drawing an alien with certain criteria (it has scales, fur, etc)

Answer 18

Animal with feathers looked like birds/had wings and beaks often, animals who had scales often had fins and gills, animals with fur often had ears and legs
Correlated features suggest that participants are working from known exemplar to novel forms

Question 19

Describe productivity in bipolar disorder

Answer 19

Creative professionals experience bipolar disorder at higher rates with controls, and often has higher rates of creativity compared to controls

Question 20

Historically, creativity results from the ordinary cognition is its association with?

Answer 20

Madness

Question 21

Describe Robert Schumann’s case of bipolar disorder

Answer 21

Schumann likely had depression and mania (bipolar disorder) through journal entry. Analyzed the quality and the amount of time the composition was recorded, hypothesized that music he made in manic episodes. Found that works composed when he was manic were recorded significantly more often. However, Schumann produced more compositions per year when manic (big confound). Then found quality appears to be similar once quantity is taken into account

Question 22

How did traits not form? Fully or incrementally? Describe the eyes

Answer 22

Incrementally, evolved from a patch of light sensitive cells to a camera lens

Question 23

How are ideas evolved, and how is it similar to physical traits?

Answer 23

Evolve via mutation and natural selection. Ideas evolve via mutation and cultural selection.

Question 24

Describe the 1000 year evolution of the sewing needle

Answer 24

Used awl and fork together, then later joined awl and fork for poking and threading, then created the middle eye needle (brittle) then created the notched needle, then created the modern sewing needle

Question 25

What is the question of Gable et al? (Mind wandering)

Answer 25

Do creative ideas strike more often when our minds are wandering?

Question 26

What are the alternatives of Gable (mind wandering)

Answer 26

Yes, mind wandering allows us to revisit problems from alternative vantage points No, active engagement in a vocation should produce the highest quality ideas, mind wandering should be a distraction

Question 27

What is the logic of Gable et al ( mind wandering)

Answer 27

If mind wandering fosters creativity, then idea produced while mind wandering should bear the signs of creative problem solving

Question 28

Describe the results of Gable et al (mind wandering)

Answer 28

Around 30% of ideas were associated with mind wandering. More “aha’ ideas produced during mind wandering as well as ideas about overcoming an impasse. Aha ideas rated more important and creative

Question 29

What is the method of Gable et al? (Mind wandering study)

Answer 29

Physicists and writers were asked to record that day’s most creative ideas for several days Recorded idea’s context (wandering or not?), quality (important) , and phenomeology (aha) then rated them several months later

Question 30

What is the inferences of Gable et al?

Answer 30

Ideas produced while mind wandering were more associated with aha experiences, overcoming impasses Such ideas were rated as equally important to ideas produced on task in the moment and many months later Spontaneous, task-independent thoughts facilitate creativity in real-world endeavors