Criteria for upper limb projections

Question 1

kVp range for upper limb:

Answer 1

60-80

Question 2

exposure time for upper limb:

Answer 2

short exposure time

Question 3

focal spot size for upper limb

Answer 3

small

Question 4

minimum SID

Answer 4

40-44 in.

Question 5

grids are used if the body part measures greater than:

Answer 5

10 cm

Question 6

small-to-medium dry plaster casts increase: ____ kVp

Answer 6

5-7

Question 7

large plaster casts increase: ____ kVp

Answer 7

8-10

Question 8

fiberglass casts increase: ____ kVp

Answer 8

3-4

Question 9

correctly exposed radiographs: visualize ___________ margins and ___________ markings of all bones

Answer 9

soft tissue; trabecular

Question 10

general rule for collimation for upper limb radiography states:

Answer 10

borders visible on all 4 sides if IR is large enough w/out cutting off anatomy

Question 11

What is the positioning routine for the second-fifth digits of hand?

Answer 11

PA, PA oblique, and lateral

Question 12

How much of the metacarpals should be included for PA projection of the digits?

Answer 12

distal aspect

Question 13

PA oblique projection positioning:

Answer 13

45° medial oblique

Question 14

lateral position:

Answer 14

mediolateral (thumb down)

Question 15

Which projection of the thumb is achieved naturally by placing the palmar surface of the hand in contact with the IR?

Answer 15

PA oblique

Question 16

Which IR size should be used for a thumb projection?

Answer 16

8 x 10

Question 17

Where is the CR centered for an AP projection of the thumb?

Answer 17

first MCP joint

Question 18

What degree of CR angulation is required for the modified Robert’s method?

Answer 18

15° proximally

Question 19

A minimum of ___ inch(es) of the forearm should be included radiographically for a PA projection of the hand.

Answer 19

1

Question 20

Which preferred lateral position of the hand best demonstrates the phalanges without excessive superimposition?

Answer 20

fan lateral

Question 21

Which lateral projection of the hand best demonstrates a possible foreign body in the palm of the hand?

Answer 21

lateral extension

Question 22

What type of CR angle is required for the AP axial projection (Brewerton method)?

Answer 22

15° proximally toward ulna

Question 23

How much rotation is required for an oblique projection of the wrist?

Answer 23

45°

Question 24

The AP axial (Brewerton method) projection is commonly used to evaluate for early signs of:

Answer 24

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 25

How much are the hand and wrist elevated from the IR for the modified Stecher method?

Answer 25

20°

Question 26

Which special projection of the wrist helps rule out abnormal calcifications in the carpal sulcus?

Answer 26

Gaynor-Hart method (tangential)

Question 27

What type of CR angle is required for the tangential (Gaynor-Hart method) projection? A. none; CR is perpendicular to IR B. 5° to 15° C. 25° to 30° D. 45°

Answer 27

25° to 30°

Question 28

Which routine projections are required for a study of the forearm?

Answer 28

AP and lateral

Question 29

For an AP projection of the elbow, the epicondyles must be:

Answer 29

parallel to IR

Question 30

Lead (gonadal) shielding is not required for upper limb radiographs if the patient can sit upright.

Answer 30

false

Question 31

How many minimum exposures are required for the AP elbow acute flexion study?

Answer 31

2

Question 32

How much is the elbow flexed for a trauma axial lateral projection (Coyle method) to demonstrate the coronoid process (tube is angled 45° away from shoulder)? A. 45° B. 80° C. 60° D.90°

Answer 32

80°