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RTE1503 Radiographic Procedures > Upper limb study > Flashcards

Upper limb study Flashcards

1
Q

Which two bony landmarks are palpated to assist with positioning of the upper limb?

A

lateral and medial epicondyles

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2
Q

In an erect anatomic position, which of the following structures is considered most inferior or distal?

head of ulna
olecranon process
radial tuberosity
head of radius

A

head of ulna

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3
Q

Why should a forearm never be taken as a PA projection?

A. too painful for patient
B. causes the proximal radius to cross over the ulna
C. causes the distal radius to cross over ulna
D. increases the OID of the distal radius

A

causes the proximal radius to cross over the ulna

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4
Q

In what position should the hand be for an AP elbow projection?

A

supinated

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5
Q

In what position should the hand be in for an AP medial rotation oblique elbow position?

A

pronated

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6
Q

What projection best demonstrates the coronoid process in profile?

A

AP medial rotation oblique elbow

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7
Q

What projection best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity without superimposition?

A

AP lateral rotation oblique elbow

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8
Q

What projection best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?

A

lateral elbow

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9
Q

What projection best demonstrates the coronoid tubercle?

A

AP elbow

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10
Q

What projection best demonstrates the trochlear notch in profile?

A

lateral elbow

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11
Q

What projection best demonstrates the capitulum and lateral epicondyle in profile?

A

AP lateral rotation oblique

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12
Q

What projection best demonstrates the olecranon process seated in olecranon fossa?

A

AP elbow

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13
Q

The long axis of the anatomic part being imaged should be placed:

A

parallel to the long axis of the IR

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14
Q

Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the second digit?

A

affected PIP joint

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15
Q

Why is it important to keep the long axis of the digit parallel to the IR?

to reduce distortion of phalanges
to visualize joints properly
to demonstrate small fractures
all of the above

A

all of the above

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16
Q

Where is the CR placed for a PA projection of the hand?

A

third MCP joint

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17
Q

What is the major disadvantage of performing a PA projection of the thumb rather than an AP?

A

increased OID (you lose spatial resolution)

18
Q

What type of fracture is best demonstrated with a modified Robert method (AP axial) ?

Barton
Colles
Bennett
Smith

A

Bennett fracture

19
Q

What type of CR angle is required for the AP axial projection? (modified Robert’s method)?

A. 5° proximal
B. 10° distal
C. 15° proximal
D. 20° to 25° distal

A

15° proximal

20
Q

The Brewerton method requires a CR angle of 15° proximal.

A

true

21
Q

To visualize fat pads surrounding the elbow, exposure factors must be adjusted to see both bony and soft tissue structures.

A

true

22
Q

Placing multiple images on the same digital IP is recommended as long as close collimation is applied for each projection.

A

false

23
Q

Choose the best set of exposure factors for upper limb radiography.

A. 64 kVp, 200 mA, 1/20 second, small focal spot, and 40-inch SID
B. 64 kVp, 100 mA, 1/10 second, small focal spot, and 40-inch SID
C. 75 kVp, 600 mA, 1/60 second, large focal spot, and 40-inch SID
D.75 kVp, 200 mA, 1/20 seond, small focal spot, and 40-inch SID

A

64 kVp, 200 mA, 1/20 second, small focal spot, and 40-inch SID

24
Q

A radiograph of a PA oblique of the hand shows that the third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals are superimposed. What must be done to correct this positioning problem on the repeat exposure?

A. increase obliquity of hand
B. spread fingers out farther
C. decrease obliquity of the hand
D. form a tight fist with the fingers

A

decrease obliquity of the hand

25
Q

A radiograph of an AP elbow projection demonstrates total separation between the proximal radius and ulna. What must be done to correct this positioning error on the repeat exposure?

A. rotate upper limb medially
B. rotate upper limb laterally
C. angle CR 5-10° caudad
D. fully extend elbow

A

rotate upper limb medially

26
Q

A radiograph of the carpal canal projection shows that the pisiform and hamulus are superimposed. What can be done to correct this problem on the repeat exposure?

A. flex wrist slightly
B. extend wrist slightly
C. rotate wrist laterally 5-10°
D. rotate wrist medially 5-10°

A

rotate wrist laterally 5-10°

27
Q

A radiograph of an AP oblique-medial rotation shows that the coronoid process is not in profile and the radial head is not superimposed over the ulna. What specific positioning error was involved?

A. insufficient medial rotation
B. excessive medial rotation
C. excessive extension of elbow
D. excessive flexion of elbow

A

insufficient medial rotation

28
Q

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the elbow shows that the epicondyles are not superimposed and the trochlear notch is not clearly seen. What must be done to correct this positioning error?

A. angle CR 45° toward shoulder
B. place humerus/forearm in same horizontal plane
C. angle CR 45° away from shoulder
D. extend elbow to form an 80° horizontal plane angle

A

place humerus/forearm in same horizontal plane

29
Q

A patient with a possible Barton fracture enters the ER. Which positioning routine should be performed to confirm the diagnosis?

A

wrist

30
Q

A patient with a possible Smith fracture enters the ER. Which positioning routine should be performed to confirm the diagnosis?

A

wrist/forearm

31
Q

A patient has a Colles fracture reduced, and a large plaster cast is placed on the upper limb. The original technique, used before the cast placement, involved 60 kVp and 5 mAs. How should the exposure factors be altered with a large plaster cast?

A

68 to 70 kVp

32
Q

A pediatric patient with a possible radial head fracture is brought to the ER. It is too painful for the patient to extend the elbow beyond 90° or to rotate the hand. What type of special projection could be performed on this patient to confirm the diagnosis without causing further discomfort?

A

Coyle method

33
Q

The fat pads around the elbow joint are valuable diagnostic indicators if the following 3 technical/positioning requirements are met with the lateral position:

A

flexed 90°

in a true lateral position

optimum exposure techniques used

34
Q

Excessive kVp may obscure the visibility of a fat pad.

A

true

35
Q

Which routine projections best demonstrates the scaphoid fat pad?

A

PA + PA oblique wrist

36
Q

Which routine projection best demonstrates the pronator fat stripe?

A

lateral wrist

37
Q

Which of the following projections would best demonstrate a possible elevated fat pad near the elbow joint?

A. lateral
B. AP
C. AP partially flexed
D. acute flexion

A

lateral

38
Q

Guardians of young pediatric patients who are undergoing upper limb studies can be asked to hold their child during the radiographic study.

A

true

39
Q

a radiographic procedure that uses contrast media injected into the joint capsule to visualize soft tissue pathology of the wrist, elbow, and shoulder joints:

A

arthrography

40
Q

A Bennett fracture involves:

A

base of first metacarpal

41
Q

Which of the following fractures is not demonstrated in a wrist routine?

A. Barton
B. Pott
C. Smith
D. Colles

A

Pott

RTE1503 Radiographic Procedures (19 decks)

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