Cultural Variation

Question 1

what did Van Ijzendoorn do? what did they find?

Answer 1

meta analysis of 32 studies, 15 of which was USA based, and across 8 countries, over all 1990 kids.

found secure attachment was the most common over all and most common in all countries, but it did vary in each country , 75% in uk, 50% in China.
rate of avoidant in individualist cultures similar to Ainswoeths findings, but in collectivist it was not similar, being 25%.
there was more variation within countries, 150% greater then between . USA found 40% secure and another at 90%

Question 2

what did Simenelli want to know, do and find? and conclude

Answer 2

know-
proportions of attachment types still matched those from previous studies.

do-
Italy, studies 76 12m old babies using strange situation.

find-
50% secure, 36% avoidant, a lower proportion of Secure and higher of avoidant as mums now work for longer and hire childcare.

conc-
patterns aren’t static and vary with culture change.

Question 3

what did Jin do, find?

Answer 3

do-
compared proportions of attachment types in Korea using strange situation.
Studies 87 babies,

finding-
over all proportions of insecure and secure were similar in most countries, secure being the most but there was more resistant and a singular avoidant. (similar in Japan- same child rearing system)

Question 4

over all confusion from all studies?

Answer 4

secure is norm in most cultures, as supporting Bowlby’s theory attachment is innate and universal.
shoes cultural practices have an influence on attachment