cultural variations in attachment

Question 1

What are the 6 Ao1 you must know for cultural variations in attachment?

Answer 1

• Definition of cultural variations
• Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg (1988)
• Findings: Secure attachment most common
• Insecure-avoidant more common in Western cultures
• Insecure-resistant more common in non-Western cultures
• Greater variation within cultures than between them

Question 2

What are cultural variations in attachment?

Answer 2

Differences in the proportions of attachment types (secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-resistant) found across different cultures and countries.

Question 3

Who conducted the major study on cultural variations in attachment in 1988?

Answer 3

Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg, through a meta-analysis of 32 studies using the Strange Situation across 8 countries.

Question 4

What was the most common attachment type across all cultures in Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg’s study?

Answer 4

Secure attachment (Type B), suggesting it is the universal norm

Question 5

Which attachment type was more common in Western cultures like Germany?

Answer 5

Insecure-avoidant (Type A), possibly due to cultural values promoting independence.

Question 6

Which attachment type was more common in non-Western cultures like Japan and China?

Answer 6

Insecure-resistant (Type C), possibly linked to close mother-child relationships and less separation.

Question 7

What did Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg find about variation within and between cultures?

Answer 7

There was more variation within cultures (1.5 times greater) than between them, indicating subcultural differences.