CV

Question 1

High BP related to paroxysms of increased sympathetic tone: anxiety, palpitations, diaphoresis

Answer 1

pheochromocytoma

Question 2

age of onset between 20 and 50 and HTN

Answer 2

essential HTN

Question 3

abdominal bruit and HTN

Answer 3

renal artery stenosis

Question 4

BP in arms> legs cause of HTN

Answer 4

coarctation of aorta

Question 5

family hx of HTN

Answer 5

essential HTN

Question 6

tachycardia, heat intolerance, diarrhea and HTN

Answer 6

hyperthyroidism

Question 7

hyperkalemia and HTN

Answer 7

renal insufficiency

Question 8

hypokalemia and HTN

Answer 8

renal artery stenosis (response to poor perfusion is to activate RAAS leading to hypokalemia)

Question 9

Central obesity, moon- shaped face, hirsutism

Answer 9

Cushing syndrome

Question 10

young individual with acute onset tachycardia

Answer 10

stimulant abuse- cocaine or amphetamines

Question 11

proteinuria

Answer 11

kidney disease

Question 12

first- line treatment for patient with CKD

Answer 12

ACEI or ARB

Question 13

first- line for black patients without CKD

Answer 13

thiazide diuretic, CCB

Question 14

non-black patients (without CKD)

Answer 14

thiazide diuretic, CCB, ACEI, or ARB

Question 15

HTN drug that causes hypertrichosis

Answer 15

minoxidil

Question 16

HTN drug that causes cyanide toxicity

Answer 16

sodium nitroprusside

Question 17

reflex tachycardia from HTN meds

Answer 17

vasodilators- nitrates, hydralazine, dihydropyridines

Question 18

cough from HTN drug

Answer 18

ACEI/ARB

Question 19

Possible development of drug- induced lupus from HTN drug

Answer 19

hydralazine

Question 20

Possible angioedema from HTN drugs

Answer 20

ARB/ACEI maybe due to elevated bradykinins

Question 21

Will improve survival in CHF patients

Answer 21

ACEI, ARB, aldosterone antagonists, beta blockers (carvedilol, metoprolol, bisiprolol)

Question 22

ST segment elevation only during brief episodes of CP

Answer 22

Prinzmetal angina

Question 23

Patient is able to point to localize cp using one finger

Answer 23

musculoskeletal chest pain

Question 24

chest wall tenderness on palpation

Answer 24

musculoskeletal chest pain

Question 25

Rapid onset of sharp pain that radiates to the scapula

Answer 25

aortic dissection

Question 26

rapid onset sharp chest pain in a 20yo associated with dyspnea

Answer 26

PTX- spontaneous

Question 27

occurs after heavy meals and is improved by antacids

Answer 27

GERD or esophageal spasm

Question 28

sharp pain lasting hours- days somewhat relieved by sitting forward

Answer 28

percarditis

Question 29

pain made worse by deep breathing and/or motion

Answer 29

pleuritic chest pain, or msk pain

Question 30

chest pain in a dermatomal distribution

Answer 30

herpes zoster virus

Question 31

most common cause of non-cardiac chest pain

Answer 31

GERD, msk pain, costrochondritis which you treat with NSAIDs

Question 32

post- MI cardiac tamponade

Answer 32

rupture of ventricular wall

Question 33

post- MI new mitral regurge

Answer 33

rupture of papillary muscles

Question 34

post MI new VSD

Answer 34

rupture of intraventricular septum

Question 35

post MI new stroke

Answer 35

mural thrombus leading to embolus

Question 36

leads showing ischemia in anterior wall MI

Answer 36

V1- V4, V5

Question 37

how to treat acute MI

Answer 37

``` MONA (morphine, o2, nitrates, asa). B blocker but not if there are signs of heart failure or severe asthma Statin antiplatelet therapy - clopidogrel/ticagrelor anticoagulant-heparin, enoxaparin Mg and potassium above 4 and 2 STEMI: cath lab/ fibrinolysis NSTEMI- cath and f/u ```

Question 38

focal myocardial inflammation with multinucleate giant cells

Answer 38

Aschoff bodies of rheumatic heart disease

Question 39

chest pain and course rubbing heart sounds in patient with Cr of 5.0

Answer 39

uremic pericarditis

Question 40

tree- barking of the aorta

Answer 40

tertiary syphilis

Question 41

child with fever, joint pain, cutaneous nodules four weeks after a throat infection

Answer 41

acute rheumatic fever

Question 42

ST elevation in all ECG leads

Answer 42

pericarditis

Question 43

ECG shows electrical alternans

Answer 43

cardiac tamponade

Question 44

weak pulses in upper extremities

Answer 44

Takayasu arteritis "pulseless disease"

Question 45

granulomas of lung, glomerulonephritis, c-ANCA positive

Answer 45

granulomatosis with polyangiitis or Wegener

Question 46

necrotizing immune complex inflammation of visceral/renal vessels

Answer 46

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 47

2 yr old east asian female

Answer 47

Kawasaki disease

Question 48

20 year olf east asian female

Answer 48

Takayasu arteritis

Question 49

young male smoker

Answer 49

Buerger disease, aka thromboangiitis obliterans

Question 50

young asthmatics

Answer 50

eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg- Strauss)

Question 51

Infants and young children, involves the coronary arteries

Answer 51

Kawasaki disease

Question 52

Associated with hepatitis B infection

Answer 52

PAN

Question 53

occlusion of ophthalmic artery can lead to blindness

Answer 53

Temporal arteritis aka giant cell arteritis

Question 54

perforation of nasal septum

Answer 54

granulomatous with polyangiitis

Question 55

most common arteritis

Answer 55

giant cell arteritis

Question 56

unilateral headaches, jaw claudication

Answer 56

giant cell arteritis

Question 57

benign raised red lesion about the size of a mole in older patients

Answer 57

cherry hemangioma

Question 58

raised, red area present at birth, increases in size initially then regresses over months to years

Answer 58

strawberry hemangioma

Question 59

lesion caused by lymphoangiogenic growth factors in an HIV patient

Answer 59

Kaposi sarcoma

Question 60

polypoid red lesion found in pregnancy or after trauma

Answer 60

pyogenic granuloma

Question 61

benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernail

Answer 61

glomus tumor

Question 62

cavernous lymphangioma assocated with Turner syndrome

Answer 62

cystic hygroma

Question 63

skin papule in AIDS patient cause by Bartonella

Answer 63

bacillary angiomatosis

Question 64

what do peripheral chemoreceptors sense?

Answer 64

drop in pH, increase in pCO2, decrease in pO2 carotid and aortic

Question 65

what do central peripheral chemoreceptors sense?

Answer 65

changes in pH or pCO2, but NOT drop in pO2