Rapid Fire Facts Flashcards
(261 cards)
1
Q
MCC NTD
A
Folate deficiency
2
Q
MC preventable cause of congenital malformaiton (USA)
A
Alcohol use during pregnancy
3
Q
unable to hydroxylate proline and lysine 2/2 Vit C deficiency
A
scurvy
4
Q
hyperflexible joints, arachnodactyly, aortic dissection, lens dislocation
A
Marfan
5
Q
hereditary nephritis, cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss
A
Alport (type IV collagen)
6
Q
stretchy skin, hypermobile joints
A
Classical ED (Type V collagen)
7
Q
hemorrage, easy bruising, berry aneurisms, organ rupture
A
Vascular ED (Type III Collagen)
8
Q
worst headache of my life
A
SAH
9
Q
lucid interval following head trauma
A
epidural hematoma
10
Q
bloody CSF on LP
A
SAH
11
Q
MCC epidural hematoma
A
MMA rupture
12
Q
MCC subdural hematoma
A
rupture of bridging veins
13
Q
nucleus solitarius- vagus nucleus
A
sensory information, taste, baroreceptor, chemoreceptor, gi gut sensation
14
Q
nucleus ambiguus- vagus nucleus
A
motor innervation to pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus
15
Q
dorsal motor nucleus
A
autonomic information to heart, lungs, upper GI tract
16
Q
treatment for absence seizures
A
ethosuximide
17
Q
treatment for tonic= clonic seizures
A
phenytoin, valproic acid, carbamazepine
18
Q
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
A
alpha- antagonist
19
Q
selective alpha1- antagonist used to treat BPH
A
tamsulosin
20
Q
continuous machine- like murmur
A
PDA
21
Q
Boot- shaped heart
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
22
Q
Rib- notching
A
CoA
23
Q
MC congenital cardiac anomaly
A
VSD
24
Q
MC early childhood agenesis
A
Tetralogy of Fallot
25
head bobbing, wide pulse pressure, diastolic decrescendo murmur
aortic regurgitation, often due to aortic root dilation (syphilis, marfan, bicuspid aortic valve, endocarditis, rhematic fever), progresses to left HF.
26
MC Cancer in men
prostate cancer
27
MCC urinary obstruction in men
BPH
28
MC treatment of erectile dysfunction
PDE-inhibitor eg sildenafil
29
hepatic adenoma
OCP use
30
grape- like vaginal tumor
sarcoma botryoides
31
koilocytes
HPV infection
32
MC benign tumor in women
leiomyoma
33
chocolate cyst in ovary
endometrioma or endometriosis
34
powder burn lesion
endometrioma or endometriosis of ovary`
35
MCC infertility in females
PCOS
36
Midcycle pelvic pain associated with ovulation
Mittelschmertz
37
ovarian tumor+ ascites+ hydrothorax
Meigs syndrome
38
teratoma leading to hyperthyroidism
struma ovarii
39
snowstorm appearance on ultrasound
hydatiform mole
40
MC genetic cause of intellectual disability
Trisomy 21
41
2nd most common genetic cause of intellectual disability
Fragile X
42
Horseshoe kidney, congenital heart defects, streak ovaries, cystic hygroma
Turner syndrome
43
Rocker bottom feet, clenched hands, microcephaly, with prominent occiput and lower jaw
Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)
44
Most common cancer in women in the US
breast cancer
45
most common benign breast tumor
fibroadenoma
46
most common malignant breast tumor
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
47
blue dome cyst in the breast
fibrocystic change
48
treatment for ER+ breast cancer
tamoxifen
49
red, itchy, swollen rash in the areola and nipple
Paget disease
50
branching, filamentous, gram- positive rods with sulfur granules
actinomyces israelii
51
standard treatment for T. pallidum
penicillin
52
cellulitis from a dog or cat bite
pasteurella multocida
53
non-painful, indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
chancre (primary syphilis)
54
moist, smooth, flat, white genital lesion
condylomata lata (secondary syphilis)
55
large bull's eye rash
erythema migrans (Lyme disease)
56
associated with ghon focus or ghon complex and hilar lymphadenopathy
primary tuberculosis
57
associated with lung infiltrate in the apical- posterior segments of upper lobes
reactivation tuberculosis
58
standard initial treatment regimen for TB
```
RIPE
rifampin
INH
pyrazinamide
ethambutol
```
59
Eczema, recurrent cold abscesses, high serum IgE
Hyperimmunoglobulin E (Job syndrome)
60
Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes
Chediak- Higashi disease
61
Toe extention (upgoing), upon stimulation of the sole of the foot with a blunt instrument
positive Babinski reflex
62
hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, positive Babinski sign
UMN lesion
63
hyporeflexia, decreased muscle tone, muscle atrophy
LMN lesion
64
depigmentation of the substantia nigra
PD
65
chorea, dementia, atrophy of caudate and putamen
Huntington
66
eosinophlic inclusions in the cytoplasm of neurons
Lewy bodies
67
conjugate lateral gaze palsy, with nystagmus and diplopia during lateral gaze
internuclear ophthalmoplegia
68
degeneration of dorsal columns
tabes dorsalis
69
demyelinating disease in a young woman
multiple sclerosis
70
mixed upper and lower motor neuron disease
ALS
71
newborn with arm paralysis following a difficult labor
Erb- Duchenne palsy
72
MCC dementia
AD
73
2nd MCC dementia
vascular dementia
74
extracellular amyloid deposits in grey matter
AD
75
intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated tau protein
AD
76
Intracellular spherical aggregates of tau protein seen on silver stain
these are pick bodies, seen in fronto- temporal lobe dementia
77
Dysphagia, glossitis, and IDA
Plummer- Vinson syndrome
78
Hematemesis with retching
Mallory- Weiss tear
79
Mucin- filled cell with a peripheral nucleus
signet- ring cell (gastric CA, LCIS)
80
most common type of stomach cancer
adenocarcinoma
81
ovarian mets from gastric cancer
krukenberg tumor
82
gastric ulcerations and high gastrin levels
ZE syndrome
83
acute gastric ulcer associated with elevated ICP or head trauma
Cushing ulcer
84
acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling ulcer
85
weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy, hyperpigmentation
whipple disease
86
anti- transglutaminase/ anti-gliadin antibodies
Celiac disease
87
Vitamin given to pregnant women to prevent NTD
Folic acid
88
most common surgical emergency
appendicitis
89
severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
McBurney's sign
90
Adenomatous polyps (precancerous)
tubular adenomas
tubulovillous adenomas
villous adenomas (the most precancerous)
91
GI hamartomas, hyperpigmentation of the mouth and hands
Peutz-Jaghers syndrome
92
Multiple colon polyps, osteomas, soft tissue tumors
Gardner syndrome, all lumpy bumpy
93
"Apple core" lesion on barium enema
Colorectal cancer until proven otherwise
94
most common site of colonic diverticula
sigmoid colon
95
"string sign" on contrast xray
Crohn disease (transmural inflammation leads to narrow lumen and thick wall in short stretches)
96
"lead pipe" appearance of colon on contrast xray
Ulcerative colitis:autoimmune attack on the colon mucosa/submucosa leads to lead pipe appearance on imaging
97
painless jaundice
pancreatic cancer
98
MCC acute pancreatitis
gallstones, alcohol
99
MCC chronic pancreatitis
alcohol abuse
100
severe hyperbilirubinemia in a neonate
Crigler- Najjar syndrome type I
101
Mild, benign hyperbilirubinemia
Gilbert syndrome
102
triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes
fatty liver disease
103
eosinophilic inclusions in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes
Mallory bodies, typically seen in alcoholic liver disease
104
cancer closely linked to cirrhosis
HCC
105
hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, ascites.
| ascites without JVD
Budd- Chiari syndrome
106
green/ yellow corneal deposits
Keyser- Fleischer rings of Wilson disease
107
low ceruloplasmin
Wilson disease
108
Cirrhosis, diabetes, hyperpigmentation
hemochromatosis
109
chronic sinusitis, infertility, situs inversus
Kartagener syndrome
110
Elevated D-dimer
PE, DVT
111
hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, stasis of blood
Virchow's triad
112
blue bloater
hypoxemia, hypercapnia (chronic bronchitis)
113
pink puffer
dyspnea, hyperventilation (emphysema)
114
Curshmann spiral, Charcot Leyden crystals
asthma
115
bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
sarcoidosis
116
vasculitis and glomerulonephritis
goodpasture, wegener
117
anti- glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture syndrome
118
Honeycomb lung on xray
idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
119
"tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles
birbeck granules (LCH)
120
iron- containing nodules in the alveolar septum
ferruginous bodies (asbestosis)
121
lung cancer associated with SIADH
small cell lung cancer
122
tumor associated with Horner syndrome
Pancoast tumor
123
lung cancer associated with hypercalcemia
squamous cell lung cancer
124
lung cancer associated with ACTH (Cushing)
small cell lung cancer
125
lung cancer associated with weakness
small cell lung cancer with Lambert Eaton syndrome
126
substances associated with lung cancer
radon, smoking, asbestos, silica
127
common cause of PNA in immunocompromised patients
pneumocystis jirovecii, (PCP)
128
MCC atypical/walking PNA
mycoplasma pneumoniae
129
common causative agent for PNA in alcoholics
Klebsiella pneumoniae
130
interstitial pneumonia in bird handlers
chlamidophila psittaci
131
cause of PNA in patient with hx of exposure to bats and bat droppings
histoplasma
132
often causes PNA in patient recently from SoCal, NM, West TX
coccidiodes immitus
133
PNA associated with "currant jelly" sputum
Klebsiella pneumoniae
134
Qfever
coxiella burnetii
135
associated with PNA acquired from air conditioners
legionella pneumophila
136
MCC PNA in children 1 yo or younder
RSV
137
MCC PNA in neonate (birth- 28 days)
GBS or E. Coli
138
MCC PNA in children and young adults (including college students, military recruits, prison inmates)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
139
MCC viral pneumonia
RSV
140
Causes of wool- sorters disease (life-threatening PNA)
Bacillus anthracis
141
Common PNA in ventilator patients and those with cystic fibrosis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MRSA
142
Pontiac fever
Legionella pneumophila
143
Chest pain, pericardial friction rub, persistent fever occurring several weeks after an MI
Dressler syndrome
144
post- MI cardiac tamponade
rupture of the ventricular wall
145
post- MI severe mitral regurg
rupture of papillary muscle
146
post MI new VSD
rupture of intraventricular suptum
147
post MI stroke
mural thrombus leading to embolus
148
splinter hemorrhages under the fingernails
infective endocarditis
149
retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
Roth spots- infective endocarditis
150
Heart valve most commonly involved in infective endocarditis
mitral valve
151
heart valve most commonly involved in an IV drug user with infective endocarditis
tricuspid valve
152
granulomatous nodules in the heart
Aschoff bodies (rheumatic heart disease)
153
most common primary cardiac tumor in adults
left atrial myxoma
154
most common primary cardiact tumor in children
rhabdomyoma
155
most common cause of constrictive pericarditis
US: lupus, in developing countries TB
156
c-ANCA
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
157
p-ANCA
Churg- Strauss, microscopic polyangiitis
158
treatment for thromboangiitis obliterans
smoking cessation
159
treatment for giant cell arteritis
steroids, high dose
160
currant jelly sputum
klebsiella pneumoniae
161
osteomyelitis in a patient with SCD
salmonella
162
"strawberry" cervix
trichomonas vaginalis
163
clue cells
gardnerella vaginalis
164
bacteria with "school of fish" appearance
haemophilus ducreyi
165
a boy with self- mutilating behavior, intellectual disability, and gout
lesch- nyhan syndrome
166
orotic acid in urine and elevated serum ammonia
ornithin transcarbamylase deficiency
167
orotic acid in the urine + normal serum ammonia
orotic aciduria
168
megaloblastic anemia that does not improve with folate and B 12
orotic aciduria
169
most common medications for ADHD
methylphenidate (Ritalin)
170
most common class of medication for bulimia nervosa
SSRI (eg fluoxetine)
171
medical treatment for alcohol withdrawal
benzodiazepines
172
most effective treatment for alcohol abuse
alcoholics anonymous
173
artophy of the mammillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy
174
treatment for central DI
Desmopressin
175
Treatment for nephrogenic DI
HCTZ, indomethacin, amiloride
176
Treatmtent for lithium-induced nephrogenic DI
Amiloride
177
Bluish- colored lines on the gingivae
Burton's lines (lead poisoning)
178
Treatment of choice for rickets or osteomalacia
Vitamin D
179
Swollen gums, poor wound healing, bleeding mucous membranes, spots on the skin
Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency)
180
most common vitamin deficiency in the US
folate deficiency
181
hypersegmented neutrophils
megaloblastic anemia
182
dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
wet beriberi (vitamin B1 deficiency)
183
inability to breastfeed, amenorrhea, cold intolerance
Sheehan syndrome
184
infertility, galactorrhea, and bitemporal hemianopia
prolactinoma
185
cells that produce catecholamines
chromaffin cells
186
cells that produce Aldosterone
zona glomerulosa
187
cells that produce cortisol, sex hormones
zona fasciculata
188
where in the adrenal gland would you find a pheochromocytoma?
in the MEDULLA
189
BAM CUSHINGOID
Buffalo humo
Amenorrhea
Moon facies
```
Crazy, insomniac
Ulcers
Skin changes
HTN
Infection (immunosuppression)
Necrosis of femoral head
Glaucoma
OSTEOPOROSIS (reduced bone formation)
Immunosuppression
Diabetes
```
190
Most common causes of Cushing syndrome
exogenous steroid use
ectopic ACTH secretion
ACTH- secreting pituitary adenoma
Adrenal tumor that secretes cortisol
191
most common tumor of the adrenal gland
benign, non-functioning adrenal adenoma in the cortex
192
most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (in adults)
pheochromocytoma
193
most common tumor of the adrenal medulla (in kids)
adrenal neuroblastoma
194
MCC primary hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal adenoma
195
medical treatment for hyperaldosteronism
spironolactone or eplerenone
196
medical treatment for pheochromocytoma
irreversible, nonselective alpha inhibitor
phenoxybenzamine
phentolamine
197
pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, hyperparathyroidism
MEN2A
198
pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer, mucosal neuroma
MEN2B
199
adrenal disease associated with skin hyperpigmentation
Addison disease (primary hypoaldosteronism)
200
HTN, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
Conn syndrome (excessive aldosterone production)
201
eye changes: proptosis, edema, injection and hyperthyroidism
Graves' disease
202
thyrotoxicosis and history of thyroidectomy or radioablation of thyroid
too much exogenous thyroid hormone
203
most common thyroid cancer
papillary thyroid cancer
204
cold intolerance
hypothyroidism
205
enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei
papillary thyroid cancer
206
standard treatment for DKA
IV fluids, IV insulin, potassium replacement
207
standard treatment for 1DM
insulin
208
standard treatment for 2DM
low- carb diet, weightloss, oral hypoglycemic drugs, insulin
209
Causes of lipodystrophy (abnormal fat distribution)
leptin deficiency
| HIV medications, especially protease inhibitors
210
MCC primary hyperparathyroidism
parathyroid adenoma or hyperplasia
211
MCC secondary hyperparathyroidism
chronic renal failure
212
MCC hypoparathyroidism
accidental parathyroidectomy
213
Facial muscle spasm when tapping on the cheek
Chvostek
214
Parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumors
MEN1
215
preferred anticoagulant for immediate anticoagulation
heparin or LMWH
216
preffered anticoagulant for long-term anticoagulatn
warfarin
217
preferred anticoagulant during pregnancy
heparin or LMWH
218
causes of hypochromic, microcytic anemia
iron deficiency, thalessemia, lead poisoning
219
hypersegmented neutrophils
macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia due to B12 or folate deficiency
220
skull xray shows hair-on-end appearance
beta thalassemia major or SCD
221
basophilic stippling of RBCs
lead poisoning
222
painful cyanosis of fingers and toes with hemolytic anemia
cold agglutinin autoimmune hemolytic anemia
223
Red urine in the morning and freagile RBCs
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
224
basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
howell- jolly bodies
225
autosplenectomy
SCD
226
drug used to treat SCD
hydroxyurea
227
antiplatelet antibodies
immune thrombocytopenia
228
bleeding disorder with gp1b deficiency
Bernard-soulier syndrome
229
most common inherited bleeding disorder
vWF disease
230
cancer most commonly associated with noninfectious fever
Hodgkin lymphoma
231
sheets of lymphoid cells with a "Starry sky" appearance (macrophage are the stars)
Burkitt lymphoma
232
Large B cells with bilobed nuclei and prominent "owl's eye inclusions"
Reed Sternberg cells
233
"smudge cells"
CLL
234
"punched out" lytic bone lesions
Multiple myeloma
235
RBCs clumped together like a stack of coins
Rouleaux formation (MM)
236
monoclonal antibody spike
MM, MGUS, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
237
Reddish-pink rods in the cytoplasm of leukemic blasts
Auer rods (AML)
238
dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient
Kaposi sarcoma
239
Temporal lobe encephalitis
HSV-1
240
"Owl's eye" inclusions in organ tissue
CMV
241
intranuclear eosinophilic droplets
HSV
| type A Cowdry bodies
242
aplastic anemia in a sickle cell patient
parvovirus B19
243
child with fever and "slapped cheek" rash on face that spreads to body
parvovirus B19 (fifth disease)
244
fever, runny nose, cough, conjunctivitis, diffuse rash
rubeola (measles)
245
small, irregular blue-grey spots on the buccal mucosa, surrounded by a base of red
Koplik's spots (measles)
246
dark purple nodules on the skin in an HIV patient
Kaposi sarcoma, HHV8
247
Large cells with owl's eye inclusions
CMV
248
Treatment for CMV
ganciclovir
249
MC opportunistic infection in HIV patients
pneumocystic jirovecii PNA (PCP)
250
drug used to prevent pneumocystis PNA
TMX- SMX after CD4
251
treatment for oral candidiasis
nystatin, fluconazole
252
most common opportunistic infection in HIV patients
PCP
253
prophylaxis for crytococcus in AIDS patients
fluconazole
254
prophylaxis for PCP
TMP-SMX
255
Treatment for systemic candidiasis
fluconazole for immunocompetant
amphotericin B and echinocandin for immunocompromised
256
treatment for sporothrix schenkii
itraconazole, potassium iodide
257
ring- enhancing brain lesion in HIV patient
toxoplasmosia gongii
258
treatment for trichomonas vaginalis
metronidazole for pt and partner
259
most common protozoal diarrhea
giardia lamblia
260
most common helminth infection in the US
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
261
second most common helminth infection in the US
ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
