CV I

Question 1

What is main role of CV system

Answer 1

Creates a concentration gradient for the entire body
- from blood to cells for nutrients and in opposite direction for waste

Question 2

Why do we have a CV system

Answer 2

Consequence of increasing size and complexity of multicellular organisms

Question 3

Primary role of circulatory system

Answer 3

Distribution of dissolved gases and other molecules for nutrition, growth and repair, while simultaneously removing cellular wastes

Question 4

Secondary roles of circulatory system

Answer 4

• chemical signalling to cells by circulating hormones or neurohormones
• dissipation of heat (increased to skin)
• mediation of inflammatory and host defence responses against invading microorganisms

Question 5

Until 17th century what were two separate systems involved in circulation

Answer 5

Venous blood was created in liver and distributed to throughout body
Arteries contained air from lungs and spirits which flowed to heart, distributing life and heat

Question 6

What were tissues believed to do before 17th century

Answer 6

Consume all blood delivered to them and liver constantly made new blood

Question 7

What did Dr. William Harvey show

Answer 7

• one hour heart pumped more than entire body wight in blood and no way liver constantly produce
• valves in heart and veins created one way flow and veins carries blood back to heart
• blood entering right side of heart was pumped through lungs then left side

Question 8

What are 3 types of transport in circulatory system

Answer 8

1. Materials entering the body (oxygen, nutrients and water)
2. Materials moved from cell to cell (wastes, immune cells, hormones, stored nutrients)
3. Materials leaving body (metabolic wastes, heat, carbon dioxide)

Question 9

What is the heart

Answer 9

A dual pump driving blood in two serial circuits

Question 10

What are the two circuits

Answer 10

Pulmonary circuit (deoxygenated blood through lungs)
Systemic circuit (delivers O2 blood to rest of body)

Question 11

Arteries

Answer 11

Carrying blood away from the heart

Question 12

Veins

Answer 12

Carrying blood back to the heart

Question 13

Capillaries

Answer 13

Smallest vessels where transport (transfer) takes place
- link arteries to veins

Question 14

What is main output artery of systemic circuit

Answer 14

Aorta

Question 15

What is main output artery of pulmonary circuit

Answer 15

Pulmonary trunk (deoxygenated blood)

Question 16

What ensures blood flows in one direction

Answer 16

System of valves in the heart and veins

Question 17

What are the 3 circulations within the systemic circuit

Answer 17

1. Coronary circuit
2. Digestive tract/liver portal system
3. Kidney portal system

Question 18

What are the 2 sections of the aorta

Answer 18

Aortic arch : delivers blood to upper part of body
Descending aorta : deliver O2 blood to lower part of body

Question 19

Right atria receives blood from where and sends blood to

Answer 19

Superior and inferior Vena Cavae and right ventricle

Question 20

Where does right ventricle receive and send blood to

Answer 20

Right atrium and lungs

Question 21

Where does the left atrium receive and send blood to

Answer 21

Left and right pulmonary veins and left ventricle

Question 22

Where does left ventricle receive and send blood to

Answer 22

Left atrium and body except for lungs

Question 23

End of pulmonary circuit

Answer 23

Left atria

Question 24

End of systemic circuit

Answer 24

Right atria

Question 25

What are the septums which separate the left and right ventricles and atrias

Answer 25

Interventricular and interatrial

Question 26

Where do vena cavae recieve and send blood

Answer 26

Systemic veins and right atrium

Question 27

Where does pulmonary trunk (pulmonary arteries) receive and send blood to

Answer 27

Right ventricle and lungs

Question 28

Where does the pulmonary vein receive and send blood

Answer 28

Veins of the lungs and left atrium

Question 29

Where does the aorta receive and send blood to

Answer 29

Left ventricle and systemic arteries

Question 30

What is the circulatory system starting at left ventricle

Answer 30

1. LV
2. Aorta
3. Systemic circuit
4. Venae cavae
5. Right atrium
6. Right ventricle
7. R + L pulmonary arteries
8. Pulmonary circuit
9. L + R pulmonary veins
10. Left atrium

Question 31

How does blood flow through the CV system

Answer 31

Liquids and gases flow down pressure gradients from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure

Question 32

What is the initial region of high pressure in the CV system created by

Answer 32

Contraction of the heart

Question 33

What has the highest blood pressure and what has the lowest

Answer 33

Aorta and venae cavae

Question 34

How is pressure lost as blood flows through the vessels

Answer 34

Due to friction created between the blood and vessel walls

Question 35

What is the driving pressure

Answer 35

High pressure created in the ventricles

Question 36

What happens when the walls of the fluid filled ventricles contract

Answer 36

Increased amount of pressure of the blood
- same amount of molecules but exert more pressure because they collide with each other and walls

Question 37

What happens when heart muscles relax and expand

Answer 37

The pressure exerted by blood within ventricles decreases

Question 38

Aside from pressure changes within ventricles what can many vessels do which affects blood pressure

Answer 38

Constrict or dilate

Question 39

What determines the amount of blood flowing through the circuit

Answer 39

Pressure gradient difference between main output and end of circuit

Question 40

What is the flow of blood in the tube directly proportional to

Answer 40

Pressure gradient at each end of the tube

Question 41

What does pressure gradient difference of 0 mean

Answer 41

No flow