CV system Flashcards
(26 cards)
Describe the pulmonary circulation?
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart via the vena cava. The blood then enters the right atrium, goes through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. From here, the blood goes through the semilunar valve and gets taken to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
Describe the systemic circulation?
Oxygenated blood enters the heart from the lungs via the pulmonary veins. It enters the left atrium and passes through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle. The blood then passes through the aortic semilunar valve and gets pumped out to the body via the aorta.
What is the conduction pathway?
It is where the electrical impulse travels: SA node –> AV node –> Bundle of his –> Purkinje fibres.
What does ECG mean?
Electrocardiogram.
ECG- RA
Medial border of deltoid, 2 cm below the lower border of the clavicle in the right and left infra-clavicular fossae.
ECG- LA
In the same location where RA was placed, but on the left side.
ECG- RL
Right leg electrode to the anterior axillary line midway between the iliac crest and the costal margin.
ECG- LL
In the same location where RL was placed, but on the left leg.
ECG- V1
In the fourth intercostal space (between ribs 4 and 5) just to the right of the sternum (breastbone).
ECG- V2
In the fourth intercostal space (between ribs 4 and 5) just to the left of the sternum.
ECG- V3
Between leads V2 and V4.
ECG- V4
In the fifth intercostal space (between ribs 5 and 6) in the mid-clavicular line.
ECG- V5
Horizontally even with V4, in the left anterior axillary line.
ECG- V6
Horizontally even with V4 and V5 in the mid-axillary line.
ECG- P wave
Type of seismic wave on an electrocardiogram.
ECG- QRS complex
Represents electrical activity of ventricles during the heart beat (contraction).
ECG- T wave
Shows on an ECG how the ventricles recover after they pump blood.
How do you calculate HR from an ECG using R-R interval?
Count the number of intervals between QRS complexes (R-R intervals) in 10 seconds and multiply by 6.
What is systolic blood pressure?
Blood pressure when the heart is contracting.
What is diastolic blood pressure?
Blood pressure when the heart is relaxed.
What are Korotkoff sounds?
Series of pulsating sounds that are used to measure blood pressure.
What is EDV?
End diastolic volume (amount of blood in ventricle immediately before the contraction).
What is ESV?
End systolic volume (amount of blood remaining in heart’s ventricles at the end of the contraction phase of cardiac cycle).
What is the difference between the step test and ramp test?
Intensity in a step test increases in blocks (levels) while a ramp test increases smoothly and steadily.
