Dairy Cattle

Question 1

Wet cow

Answer 1

cow that is lactating (305 days out of the year)

Question 2

Dry Cow

Answer 2

cow not producing milk (2 months out of the year)

Question 3

Springing Heifer

Answer 3

heifer that is close to calving

Question 4

1st Lactation Heifer

Answer 4

1st lactation cow that is still growing

Question 5

Dairy Industry Objectives

Answer 5

• produce high quality milk (clean, low bacterial count, low somatic cell count, no dilution, good flavor, no antibiotic residue)
• efficient production
• earn a reasonable profit
• environmentally responsible

Question 6

Dairy States

Answer 6

• less use of milk
• less use of yogurt then more in 2010’s
• more use of butter
• more use of cheese
• less use of ice cream and frozen products

Question 7

Dairy Cattle Inventory Peak

Answer 7

1944, slow downhill since (-67%)

Question 8

Dairy Cattle Inventory Trends

Answer 8

less cows but an increase of production (433%)

Question 9

Top 5 Dairy Industry States

Answer 9

California, Wisconsin, Idaho, New York, Texas

Question 10

Factors that affect milk production

Answer 10

temperature, humidity, breed, type of feed, heath status, stage of lactation, number of milking’s per day, climate modification

Question 11

Average production of milk per cow

Answer 11

23,134 lbs.

Question 12

Average lbs of dairy produced

Answer 12

24,000 lbs.

Question 13

top states with the most amount of lbs. of milk

Answer 13

michigan, colorado

Question 14

Factors resulting in national trend increase

Answer 14

shift in breed type, improved genetics, beter diet formulation, concentrated diets, improved health programs, climate modification for the cows comfort, improved reproduction efficiency, large dairies, 98% of dairies are family owned, populaiton shift from west to southwest, greater milk production per cow, more favorable economic and development attitudes

Question 15

How many years are dairy cows in peak

Answer 15

5-6 years

Question 16

Mastitis

Answer 16

inflammation of breast tissue that leads to infection

Question 17

Clinical Mastitis

Answer 17

physically shown the cows are red, hot, and cold

Question 18

Subclinical Mastitis

Answer 18

silent and you can’t see it, have to check the semantic cell count to see if it’s too high

Question 19

Treatment for mastitis

Answer 19

support therapy-fluid, to prevent it you can clean the teat area, clean bedding and regular vaccines

Question 20

How many dairy farms are there today?

Answer 20

50,000

Question 21

How many heads of dairy cattle are there?

Answer 21

9.2 million

Question 22

Types of Dairy

Answer 22

grazing dairies, combination of pasture and concentrates, free-stall

Question 23

Grazing Dairies

Answer 23

• forage for nutrients
• low milk (work for food)
• less feed and waste management cost
• typically organic
• low infrastructure cost (need milking parlor)
• rarely successful
• silage fermented produced

Question 24

Combination of Pasture and Concentrates

Answer 24

• outdoors in pastures
• concentration ration at time of milking (way to manage and move cows)
• small herd
• labor intensive
• low waste cost
• low infrastructure cost (need a parlor)

Question 25

Free-Stall

Answer 25

- move freely - bed stall areas to lay down (bedding is organic; compost, almond shell, wood shaving) - feed alley in front of stalls with headlocks - concrete waste area but be grooved or marking - waste is labor intensive - replace bedding - move to milk parlor - milking is less labor intensive

Question 26

Milking Parlor

Answer 26

cows are brought into one common area for milking using a crowding gate that gently enhances their fight or flight reflex

Question 27

The Pit

Answer 27

where the milking parlor operator works

Question 28

Types of milking parlors

Answer 28

tandem, parallel, herringbone, rotary, robotic milking

Question 29

Tandem

Answer 29

has a side opening, nose to butt

Question 30

Parallel

Answer 30

parallel to eachother, butt to nose

Question 31

Herringbone

Answer 31

coming in at a angle; what's used at the fresno unit

Question 32

Rotary

Answer 32

cows spin in a circle

Question 33

Robotic Milking

Answer 33

system identifies the cow, where they come into the stallion, they're fed while the robot does all the work and sense where the teats are

Question 34

Which state is the number one dairy state?

Answer 34

California

Question 35

How has the dairy industry increased our efficiency and sustainability?

Answer 35

- Decreased carbon footprint by 86% - Decreased water usage by 65% - Decreased land use by 90%

Question 36

What percent of dairies are family owned?

Answer 36

98%

Question 37

Dr. Thompson quote

Answer 37

Take care of the cows and they will take care of you

Question 38

How much has the amount of milk declined per capita in the US.

Answer 38

40% ; people use soy, almond, coconut or other alternatives

Question 39

What percent of US households purchase milk?

Answer 39

99%

Question 40

How much milk does the average American consume?

Answer 40

25 gallons or 400 glasses of milk

Question 41

What percent of milk is water?

Answer 41

87%

Question 42

Who discovered pasteurization?

Answer 42

Louis Pasteur

Question 43

Pasteurization

Answer 43

heating liquids to high temperatures to kill bacteria, protects the purity, and the flavors of the milk

Question 44

How long does milk remain fresh after the expiration date if refrigerated at 35-40 degrees.

Answer 44

7-10 days

Question 45

What increase in temp shortens the milk's shelf life by 50%?

Answer 45

5 degree temp change

Question 46

25 gallons of milk can make

Answer 46

- 9 gallons of ice cream - 25 pounds of chese - 1 pound of butter

Question 47

How many cups does it make to make 1 pound of butter

Answer 47

30 cups

Question 48

How much has California decreased it's carbon footprint in 50 years?

Answer 48

45%

Question 49

How much of the diet of dairy cattle is byproducts?

Answer 49

40%

Question 50

How many jobs are there in the california dairy industry?

Answer 50

180,000

Question 51

CA accounts for what percent of the US milk production.

Answer 51

1/5