Intro Flashcards
1
Q
What is the goal of animal science?
A
to profitably satisfy the needs of humans for food, clothing, emotional, well-being, shelter, and food
2
Q
Why we biologically study livestock
A
nutrition, genetics, repro/philosophy, growth/development, production/management, end products
3
Q
What animal is the most feed efficient?
A
Chickens; 1-2 lbs of feed per lbs of chicken
4
Q
Male young cattle that is intact
A
bull calf
5
Q
male mature cattle that is intact
A
bull
6
Q
male young cattle that is castrated
A
steer calf
7
Q
male mature cattle that is intact
A
bull
8
Q
young intact male swine
A
boar
9
Q
mature intact male swine
A
boar
10
Q
young castrated male swine
A
barrow
11
Q
mature castrated male swine
A
barrow
12
Q
young intact male sheep
A
ram lamb
13
Q
mature intact male sheep
A
rams
14
Q
young castrated male sheep
A
wether
15
Q
mature castrated male sheep
A
wether
16
Q
young intact male goat
A
buckling
17
Q
mature intact male goat
A
buck or billy
18
Q
young castrated male goat
A
wether
19
Q
mature castrated male goat
A
wether
20
Q
young intact male horse
A
colt
21
Q
mature intact male gorse
A
stallion
22
Q
young castrated make horse
A
gelding
23
Q
mature castrated male horse
A
gelding
24
Q
young intact male chicken
A
cockerel
25
mature intact male chicken
rooster
26
young castrated male chicken
capon
27
adult castrated male chicken
capon
28
young female cattle who hasn't had offspring
heifer
29
mature female cattle that has had offspring
cow
30
young female swine
gilt
31
mature female swine
sow
32
young female sheep
ewe lamb
33
mature female sheep
ewe
34
young female goat
doe kid
35
mature female goat
doe or nanny
36
young female horse
filly
37
mature female horse
mare
38
young female chicken
pullet
39
mature female chicken
pullet
40
young cattle meat
veal
41
mature cattle meat
beef
42
young swine meat
pork
43
mature swine meat
pork
44
young sheep meat
lamb
45
mature sheep meat
mutton
46
young goat meat
cabrito
47
mature goat meat
chevon
48
young horse meat
chevaline
49
mature horse meat
chevaline
50
young/mature chicken meat
chicken
51
bovine
cattle
52
porcine
swine
53
ovine
sheep
54
caprine
goat
55
equine
horse
56
galine
poultry
57
gestation
time period an animal is pregnant
58
wean
to remove a young animal from its mother to prevent nursing
59
estrus
time a female is receptive to the male, "standing heat"
60
estrous
time between one estrus or heat cycle to the next
61
anestrous
time in which a female is not receptive to the male
62
colostrum
nutrient rich milk from the following directly following birth
63
lactation
period when a female produces milk after birth
64
freshen
when a female produces milk at the time of giving birth
65
cull
the act of removing an unproductive animal from the group
66
pedigree
tracking the ancestors of animals
67
breed
a variety of animals with a specific trait
68
breed association
a group of producers that ensure breed traits
69
commodity group
a group of producers producing a similar product
70
human use of animals and animal products
food, byproducts, power (plowing, transportation), clothing, manure (fertilizer), pleasure (pets), animal research
71
animals in human consumption - meat
- most efficient protein, and more than other animal sources
- complete protein
72
animals for human consumption - milk
- inexpensive, high quality source of protein
- cheese, ice cream, yogurt
- most milk has added fats, flavoring, coloring
73
animals for human consumption - eggs
- the "perfect" food
- high in protein and fat
74
By-Products from Animals
bones (buttons, glue, mineral supplement), fat (chemicals, salves, creams, dressings, lubricants, soaps, food), glands (medicines), collagen (glue and gelatin), intestinal and stomach tissue (lunch meats, sutures, strings for instruments)
75
Animals for work/power
- Power for farming operations
- Herd/guard other animals (dogs, donkeys, geese, llamas/alpacas)
- assist physically and mentally
76
Hippotherapy
therapy using horses
77
Animals Protein in the Human Diet
- Meat has a high biological value, basically the protein make-up matches humans, and all in the correct amount of proportions
- Animal Products are excellent sources of Iron, Calcium, and Vitamin B-12
78
Fe (Iron)
what gives meat its pink color
79
Ca (Calcium)
availiability
80
Vitamin B-12
energy
81
How much of the worlds tractors are in the U.S. and Europe?
39%; rest of the world relies on farm power
82
Percent of income spent on food?
US - 11%
Developing Countries - 30-60%
83
Why there's food insecurities in developing countries?
lack of knowledge, population concentration, lack of wealth, governmental policies, environmental factors (poor soil, limited rain, diseases), religious/cultural/social taboos
84
Percent of Earth surface is livestock.
26%
85
How much money does livestock account for in global assets?
$1.4 trillion
86
How many people are employed by the livestock industry?
1.3 billion people
87
How much does agriculture account for developed countries GDP?
33%
88
Demand of livestock products continue to increase because?
population growth, urbanization, increased income
89
Livestock Production Segments Chart
Seedstock Breeding
Commercial Breeding
Growing/Finishing
Packing
Wholesale Distribution or Processing
Retail
Consumer
90
Ownership Integration
one firm owns 2 or more industry segments
91
Contract Integration
Ownership of segments may be separate, but one firm may control (at least partially) multiple segments through contract arrangement
92
Trends in Animal Production
- Increased vertical integration (2 or more industry segments by the firm)
- Few production units, but with larger average sizes and more specialization; less true for cow-calf and sheep producers
93
Production Units
farms, ranch's, plants
94
Genetic Base - Narrower
- Poultry, Swine, Dairy
- Fewer breeds and fewer seedstock breeders
- Trends toward large specialized producers
95
Genetic Base - Increasing
- Beef Cattle
- Many breeds and breeders
96
Dairy Cow Trends
90% are Holstein
97
Sheep Trends
50 breeds, only 8 are prominent
