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ASCI 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

What is the goal of animal science?

A

to profitably satisfy the needs of humans for food, clothing, emotional, well-being, shelter, and food

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2
Q

Why we biologically study livestock

A

nutrition, genetics, repro/philosophy, growth/development, production/management, end products

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3
Q

What animal is the most feed efficient?

A

Chickens; 1-2 lbs of feed per lbs of chicken

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4
Q

Male young cattle that is intact

A

bull calf

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5
Q

male mature cattle that is intact

A

bull

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6
Q

male young cattle that is castrated

A

steer calf

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7
Q

male mature cattle that is intact

A

bull

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8
Q

young intact male swine

A

boar

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9
Q

mature intact male swine

A

boar

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10
Q

young castrated male swine

A

barrow

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11
Q

mature castrated male swine

A

barrow

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12
Q

young intact male sheep

A

ram lamb

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13
Q

mature intact male sheep

A

rams

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14
Q

young castrated male sheep

A

wether

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15
Q

mature castrated male sheep

A

wether

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16
Q

young intact male goat

A

buckling

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17
Q

mature intact male goat

A

buck or billy

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18
Q

young castrated male goat

A

wether

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19
Q

mature castrated male goat

A

wether

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20
Q

young intact male horse

A

colt

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21
Q

mature intact male gorse

A

stallion

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22
Q

young castrated make horse

A

gelding

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23
Q

mature castrated male horse

A

gelding

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24
Q

young intact male chicken

A

cockerel

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25
Q

mature intact male chicken

A

rooster

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26
Q

young castrated male chicken

A

capon

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27
Q

adult castrated male chicken

A

capon

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28
Q

young female cattle who hasn’t had offspring

A

heifer

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29
Q

mature female cattle that has had offspring

A

cow

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30
Q

young female swine

A

gilt

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31
Q

mature female swine

A

sow

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32
Q

young female sheep

A

ewe lamb

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33
Q

mature female sheep

A

ewe

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34
Q

young female goat

A

doe kid

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35
Q

mature female goat

A

doe or nanny

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36
Q

young female horse

A

filly

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37
Q

mature female horse

A

mare

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38
Q

young female chicken

A

pullet

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39
Q

mature female chicken

A

pullet

40
Q

young cattle meat

A

veal

41
Q

mature cattle meat

A

beef

42
Q

young swine meat

A

pork

43
Q

mature swine meat

A

pork

44
Q

young sheep meat

A

lamb

45
Q

mature sheep meat

A

mutton

46
Q

young goat meat

A

cabrito

47
Q

mature goat meat

A

chevon

48
Q

young horse meat

A

chevaline

49
Q

mature horse meat

A

chevaline

50
Q

young/mature chicken meat

A

chicken

51
Q

bovine

A

cattle

52
Q

porcine

A

swine

53
Q

ovine

A

sheep

54
Q

caprine

A

goat

55
Q

equine

A

horse

56
Q

galine

A

poultry

57
Q

gestation

A

time period an animal is pregnant

58
Q

wean

A

to remove a young animal from its mother to prevent nursing

59
Q

estrus

A

time a female is receptive to the male, “standing heat”

60
Q

estrous

A

time between one estrus or heat cycle to the next

61
Q

anestrous

A

time in which a female is not receptive to the male

62
Q

colostrum

A

nutrient rich milk from the following directly following birth

63
Q

lactation

A

period when a female produces milk after birth

64
Q

freshen

A

when a female produces milk at the time of giving birth

65
Q

cull

A

the act of removing an unproductive animal from the group

66
Q

pedigree

A

tracking the ancestors of animals

67
Q

breed

A

a variety of animals with a specific trait

68
Q

breed association

A

a group of producers that ensure breed traits

69
Q

commodity group

A

a group of producers producing a similar product

70
Q

human use of animals and animal products

A

food, byproducts, power (plowing, transportation), clothing, manure (fertilizer), pleasure (pets), animal research

71
Q

animals in human consumption - meat

A
  • most efficient protein, and more than other animal sources
  • complete protein
72
Q

animals for human consumption - milk

A
  • inexpensive, high quality source of protein
  • cheese, ice cream, yogurt
  • most milk has added fats, flavoring, coloring
73
Q

animals for human consumption - eggs

A
  • the “perfect” food
  • high in protein and fat
74
Q

By-Products from Animals

A

bones (buttons, glue, mineral supplement), fat (chemicals, salves, creams, dressings, lubricants, soaps, food), glands (medicines), collagen (glue and gelatin), intestinal and stomach tissue (lunch meats, sutures, strings for instruments)

75
Q

Animals for work/power

A
  • Power for farming operations
  • Herd/guard other animals (dogs, donkeys, geese, llamas/alpacas)
  • assist physically and mentally
76
Q

Hippotherapy

A

therapy using horses

77
Q

Animals Protein in the Human Diet

A
  • Meat has a high biological value, basically the protein make-up matches humans, and all in the correct amount of proportions
  • Animal Products are excellent sources of Iron, Calcium, and Vitamin B-12
78
Q

Fe (Iron)

A

what gives meat its pink color

79
Q

Ca (Calcium)

A

availiability

80
Q

Vitamin B-12

A

energy

81
Q

How much of the worlds tractors are in the U.S. and Europe?

A

39%; rest of the world relies on farm power

82
Q

Percent of income spent on food?

A

US - 11%
Developing Countries - 30-60%

83
Q

Why there’s food insecurities in developing countries?

A

lack of knowledge, population concentration, lack of wealth, governmental policies, environmental factors (poor soil, limited rain, diseases), religious/cultural/social taboos

84
Q

Percent of Earth surface is livestock.

A

26%

85
Q

How much money does livestock account for in global assets?

A

$1.4 trillion

86
Q

How many people are employed by the livestock industry?

A

1.3 billion people

87
Q

How much does agriculture account for developed countries GDP?

A

33%

88
Q

Demand of livestock products continue to increase because?

A

population growth, urbanization, increased income

89
Q

Livestock Production Segments Chart

A

Seedstock Breeding
Commercial Breeding
Growing/Finishing
Packing
Wholesale Distribution or Processing
Retail
Consumer

90
Q

Ownership Integration

A

one firm owns 2 or more industry segments

91
Q

Contract Integration

A

Ownership of segments may be separate, but one firm may control (at least partially) multiple segments through contract arrangement

92
Q

Trends in Animal Production

A
  • Increased vertical integration (2 or more industry segments by the firm)
  • Few production units, but with larger average sizes and more specialization; less true for cow-calf and sheep producers
93
Q

Production Units

A

farms, ranch’s, plants

94
Q

Genetic Base - Narrower

A
  • Poultry, Swine, Dairy
  • Fewer breeds and fewer seedstock breeders
  • Trends toward large specialized producers
95
Q

Genetic Base - Increasing

A
  • Beef Cattle
  • Many breeds and breeders
96
Q

Dairy Cow Trends

A

90% are Holstein

97
Q

Sheep Trends

A

50 breeds, only 8 are prominent

ASCI 1 (10 decks)

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