Poultry

Question 1

Poultry Species

Answer 1

chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, guinea fowl, pigeons, peafowl, emu, ostrich

Question 2

Industry Transformation

Answer 2

was a cottage industry, now a dynamic, fully coordinated (vertically integrated) system of production, processing, and marketing

Question 3

Why vertical integration?

Answer 3

Biosecurity
control the cost of feed

Question 4

Production Breakdown

Answer 4

feed mills, hatcheries, processing plants, transportation

Question 5

Cali Industry Value

Answer 5

Economic Impact - $1 billion (6th largest in state)
Total Jobs in CA is 25,000 but 7,000 alone in central valley
113.4 lbs. consumed per person in August
#1 protein consumed in US
eaten at fast foods, frozen foods, etc

Question 6

CA Chickens

Answer 6

eat more than any other state, 3 bil lbs a year
(more than 30 chickens per person)
CA is ranked 11th, 250 broilers
97% CA chickens are sold in CA and west coast
Sells more “fresh (never frozen)” chicken than other states
#1 protien purchased
1st certified organic chicken in the nation

Question 7

CA Turkeys

Answer 7

210 mill lbs.
per capita is 21 lbs. nation is 17 lbs.
CA ranks 7th

Question 8

Poultry Producing States

Answer 8

located south of the nation

Question 9

Chicken Breeds

Answer 9

Meat - muscle, larger breast meat and fat legs
Egg - more feminine

Question 10

Broilers

Answer 10

male and female chickens

Question 11

Important Meat Bird Consumption Characteristics

Answer 11

picking quality (ability to eat)
white color plumage (feathers)
egg production (continue genetic lines)
fertility
hatchability (how easy they get out)
growth rate (grow fast)
carcass quality (not too much fat)
feed efficiency (most feed efficient in animals)
livability

Question 12

Egg Producers Production Characterisitcs

Answer 12

egg # produced (youngest hatcher gives most eggs)
eggshell quality
egg size (grades)
efficiency of production
hatchability
fertility

Question 13

Sexual Maturity of Chickens

Answer 13

20 weeks

Question 14

Sexual Maturity of Turkeys

Answer 14

30 weeks

Question 15

Egg laying cycle - chickens

Answer 15

18 weeks

Question 16

egg laying cycle - turkeys

Answer 16

25 weeks

Question 17

chickens produce how many eggs

Answer 17

150

Question 18

turkeys produce how many eggs

Answer 18

90

Question 19

How are chickens mated?

Answer 19

all natural (1 male to 12 females)

Question 20

How are turkeys mated?

Answer 20

All A.I. males are too aggresive

Question 21

Incubation of chicken eggs

Answer 21

18-21 days

Question 22

Incubation of turkey eggs

Answer 22

25-28 days

Question 23

Quantitative Traits

Answer 23

most important yet most difficult to select and least predictable
low-medical heritability

Question 24

Qualitative Traits

Answer 24

least important economically
genetically more predictable and highly heritable

Question 25

Fancy Breeds of Chickens

Answer 25

for exihibition

Question 26

Classifications of Chicken Breeds

Answer 26

class, breed, variety

Question 27

Class

Answer 27

group of birds that was developed in the same geographical location 5 Classes - American, Asiatic, English, Mediterranean, Continental

Question 28

Breed

Answer 28

subdivision of class, same physical features Body size, shape, skin color, # of toes, feathered shanks

Question 29

Variety

Answer 29

animals with feather colors, comb type, presence or absence of beards or muffs

Question 30

Ducks

Answer 30

White Pekin - most valuable meat, excellent carcasses at 7-8 weeks Can get too big and leads to leg issues and walking problems

Question 31

Feeding and Management

Answer 31

MOST IMPORTANT - ventilation and temperature (need a house inside) poor ventilation and overheating can cause bird blindness and severe respiratory diseases (bronchitis or airsacculitis) less than optimal will be costly light sensitive (more light=more growth)

Question 32

Feed Conversion

Answer 32

1.75 lbs per 2lbs of feed

Question 33

Starter Feed

Answer 33

22-24% protein up to 28% for turkeys

Question 34

Grower Feed

Answer 34

18-20% protein

Question 35

Finisher Feed

Answer 35

16% protein

Question 36

How much does feed account for?

Answer 36

70% of total production costs, same for every industry

Question 37

Biosecurity

Answer 37

measures taken to reduce chances of spreading dieseases

Question 38

Biosecurity Measures

Answer 38

vaccinations - degrade quality of meat, bruises and contaminate the meat Precautions - was vehicles, wear head-to-toe tiw vex suit, foot washes

Question 39

Freno State Unit

Answer 39

contract broiler facility - raise chickens for meat holds 20,000 per flock about 6 flocks per year student run high rate of employment after internship

Question 40

Market Weight

Answer 40

broiler = meat burner (6-7 lbs)

Question 41

Broiler Belt

Answer 41

on southeast coast: majority of the area is for poultry production

Question 42

Carcas Grading

Answer 42

looking for defects missing parts; usually wings broken bones disjoints exposed flesh

Question 43

Egg Consumption

Answer 43

Earlobes = color of eggshell 2020 - 286 per capita (recession and prop 12)

Question 44

Top 5 Egg Producing States

Answer 44

Iowa, Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Texas

Question 45

Layer Population

Answer 45

30% cage-free (go whenever) 7% are organically certified, 23% are cage-free rest of 70% are conventional

Question 46

Egg Utilization

Answer 46

measure by case about 30 dozen eggs exports are 8 mil case foodservice shell eggs fruther processing retail shell eggs are most utilized

Question 47

Egg Grading

Answer 47

stain, dirt, foreign material, egg-shape, shell texture, ridges, shell tickness, body checks Candling - hold egg to light to see through check air cells or cracks in shell AA egg is round and puffy A medium roundness water and thin