darryl-renal disease

Question 1

What %age of blood do the kidneys recieve per heartbeat

Answer 1

20%

Question 2

What are some functions of the kidneys

Answer 2

• Regulation of water and electrolytes
• Regulation of metabolic waste products
• Regulation of foreign chemicals and toxins
• Regulation of arterial blood pressure
• Regulation of acid-base balance
• Regulation of erythrocyte production
• Regulation of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3
• Glucose synthesis

Question 3

What are the two main categories of renal disease

Answer 3

Acute (ARF): kidneys abruptly stop working entirely but recover over time back to near normal function
Chronic (CRF): progressive loss of function of more and more nephrons until overall renal funtion diminished

Question 4

Is it okay to give people with chronic renal failure (bad kidneys) LA?

Answer 4

• adrenaline preservatives, water, buffer, amide-> metabolised in the liver and eliminated through the kidney! so no

Question 5

What are the three types of dialysis

Answer 5

• haemofiltration
• haemodialysis
• peritoneal dialysis

Question 6

Describe haemofiltration

Answer 6

• ICU setting
• Blood filtered through a semi-permeable membrane
• replacement fluid equivalent
• easy to use
• good results

Question 7

Describe haemodialysis

Answer 7

• Blood goes out of the body through a filtering machine (dialyser)
• Blood is filtered through semi-permeable fibres
• metabolic waste products pass into a diasylate solution
• process repeated with each passing clearing more and more waste products

Question 8

What is the key element need for doing dialysis

Answer 8

• blood
• need veins (access)

Question 9

How often does dialysis often take place

Answer 9

usually every other day to 3x a week

Question 10

What are access points for haemodialysis

Answer 10

• AV fistula (native
• AV shunt (synthetic)
• Central venous catheter (external)

Question 11

What are some considerations for patients on dialysis/with shunts

Answer 11

• may need antibiotic cover

Question 12

Who might qualify for renal transplant

Answer 12

people with end stage renal disease

Question 13

What are renal transplant patients on

Answer 13

immunosuppressants

Question 14

What are some complications that may arise after renal transplant

Answer 14

• rejection
• persistent HTN
• Atherosclerosis
• Renal artery stenosis
• infection due to immunosuppressants

Question 15

What are some dental considerations for renal patients

Answer 15

• good MH
• Is the pt well?
• nephrotoxic medications
• do work inbetween HD days
• infection control/prevention
• antibiotic prophylaxis