Data interpretation

Question 1

Microcytic anaemia with low iron and low ferritin and high TIBC

Answer 1

IDA

Question 2

Microcytic anaemia with Mentzer index <13

Answer 2

Thalassaemia

Question 3

Microcytic anaemia with low/norm iron and low/norm ferritin and low TIBC OR normocytic with low reticulocytes

Answer 3

anaemia of chronic disease

Question 4

Normocytic anaemia with low reticulocytes (2)

Answer 4

Leukaemias

Aplastic anaemia

Question 5

Normocytic anaemia with high reticulocytes (2)

Answer 5

Haemorrhage

Haemolytic anaemia

Question 6

Macrocytic anaemia with megalocytes and segmented neutrophils

Answer 6

B12/folate deficiency

Drug induced

Question 7

Macrocytic anaemia WITHOUT megalocytes and segmented neutrophils

Answer 7

Alcohol excess

Myelodysplastic syndromes (incl multiple myeloma)

Liver disease

Congenital BM failure syndromes

Question 8

High neut = what sort of infection

Answer 8

bacterial

Question 9

what medication can cause high neutrophils?

Answer 9

Steroids

Question 10

What non infective and non drug cause of high neutrophils is there?

Answer 10

Tissue damage- infarct, inflammation, malignancy

Question 11

Low neut caused by what 4 things? (two are drugs)

Answer 11

Viral infection

CT/RT

Clozapine

Carbimazole

Question 12

High lymphocytes causes

Answer 12

Viral infection

Lymphoma

CLLeukaemia

Question 13

2 mechanisms for low platelets

Answer 13

Reduced production

Increased destruction

Question 14

Reasons for reduced production of plt

Answer 14

Infection

Drugs (penicillamines for RA)

Myeloma/dysplasia/fibrosis

Question 15

What drug causes increased plt destruction

Answer 15

Heparin

Question 16

What drugs cause hypovolaemic hyponatraemia?

Answer 16

Diuretics

Question 17

What two drugs can cause SIADH

Answer 17

Carmamazepine

Antipsychotics

Question 18

What drugs can cause hypernatraemia?

Answer 18

Ones with high sodium like effervescent tabs

Question 19

Causes of hypokalaemia?

Answer 19

Drugs (loop and thiazide diuretics)

Inadequate intake/intestinal loss

Renal tubular acidosis

Endocrine (cushing’s, conns)

Question 20

Causes of hyperkalaemia?

Answer 20

Drugs (potassium sparing diuretics and ACEi)

Renal failure

Endocrine (Addisons)

Artefact (Clotted sample)

DKA Rx (insulin = low K+)

Question 21

Urea > Cr rise suggests what cause of AKI

Answer 21

Pre renal

Question 22

Cr rise> urea rise suggests what cause of AKI?

Answer 22

Intrisic OR post renal

Question 23

5 nephrotoxic drugs

Answer 23

ACEi

NSAIDs

Gentamicin

Vancomycin

Tetracyclines

Question 24

Low T4 and high TSH is what sort of thyroid problem?

Answer 24

Primary hypothyroid

Question 25

High T4 and low TSH is what sort of thyroid prob?

Answer 25

Primary hyperthyroid

Question 26

Low T4 and low TSH is what sort of thyroid problem?

Answer 26

secondary hypothyroid

Question 27

High T4 and high TSH is what sort of thyroid problem?

Answer 27

Secondary hyperthyroid

Question 28

5 drugs that have a narrow therapeutic index

Answer 28

Digoxin Lithium Phenytoin Gent Vancomycin

Question 29

A patient presenting with confusion, nausea, arrhythmia and visual halos could be toxicity of which drug?

Answer 29

Digoxin toxicity

Question 30

A patient presenting with tremor, seizures, arryth, coma, diabetes insipidus, decreased renal function could be toxicity of which drug?

Answer 30

Li

Question 31

A patient presenting with gum hypertrophy, ataxia, nystagmus, peripheral neuropathy could be toxicity of which drug?

Answer 31

Phenytoin

Question 32

What situations might need a divided dose of gentamicin?

Answer 32

Severe renal failure Endocarditis

Question 33

In adjusting Gent dose is it the actual dose or timings that are changed? why?

Answer 33

Timings b/c still need a certain amount of the drug to kill the bacteria

Question 34

A paracetamol nomogram can be used from when after ingestion?

Answer 34

4hours

Question 35

If someone has a staggered paracet OD or time unknown how do you manage?

Answer 35

Give NAC

Question 36

How do you manage a warfarin patient who has had a major bleed?

Answer 36

Stop warfarin Give 5-10mg vit K Give prothrombin complex