DAY 1 Flashcards by RChE 2023

A voltaic cell is represented by the following equation:

Fe(s) + Zn2+(aq) = Fe2+(aq) + Zn(s)

Which electrode is the anode and which electrode is the cathode?

Anode = Fe and Cathode = Zn

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If aspirin is made using the raw materials salicylic acid
and acetic anhydride with a yield of 75%, how many grams of
aspirin will be produced

25 g

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Mean distance from the equator to the north pole is:

1x10^7 m

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If a person breathes 100 breathes per minute and is aged 75, how many breathes will he/she have during his lifespan?

A. 3.942 x 109

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When liquid nitrogen was used to remove warts in human beings, what is the temperature in Kelvin if liquid nitrogen has a freezing point of minus 210 ̊C?

63 K

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If high octane gasoline with density 0.71 is used by a BMW on NLEX to travel to Tarlac 125 mi away and a gas mileage of 19.75 mi/gal estimate the quantity in kg of carbon dioxide produced.

52 kg

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Iodine vapor forms iodine crystals when it touches a cold surface. What is the reverse of the process being described?

sublimation

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Find the empirical formula given 5.045 g of C, 0.847 g H and 3.36 g O.

C2H4O

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What is the empirical formula and chemical name of an ionic compound used as food additive and dietary supplement if it contains 22.11% manganese, 1.6% hydrogen, 24.92% phosphorus and 51.42% oxygen?

A. MnHPO3 manganese phosphate
B. Mn2(HPO)4 dimanganese dihydrogen phosphate
C. MnH4P2O8 manganese hydrogen phosphate
D. Mn3(H2PO4)1 tri manganese hydrophosphate

MnH4P2O8
manganese hydrogen phosphate

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Determine the organic molecular formula of melamine used in the process of manufacturing formica. It is composed of 28.57% carbon, 4.82% hydrogen and 66.634% nitrogen, and has a molecular mass of 126.122.

(CH2N2)3

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What is the organic molecular formula for a certain organic polychlorinated biphenyl similar to chlorinated insecticides if the compound contains 3.95% Carbon, 1.313% hydrogen, and 58.95% chlorine with a molecular mass of 360.89?

C12H6Cl16
(non solvable due to typo)

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Determine the empirical formula f an ionic compound used as a food preservative and contains 24.21% sodium, 33.7% sulphur, and 42.1% oxygen.

Na2S2O5

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A certain solid compound was tested in a laboratory and was analyzed to contain 6.5% hydrogen, 42.2% carbon, and 5.5% oxygen, with a molecular weight of approximately 341.2. Determine the chemical formula.

C12H12O11

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What is the organic molecular formula of Lindane, a chlorinated pesticide which has been banned. It is composed of 24.781% carbon, 2.082% hydrogen, 73.142% chlorine and has a molecular mass of 290.834?

(CHCl)6

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What is the empirical formula of a sample of cement found to contain 14.21 grams of molybdenum and 8.31 grams of silicon?

MoSi2

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Which of the following formula is red lead?

Pb3O4
Can also be found in handbook

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Classify each of the following as homogeneous or
heterogeneous:
I. a door V. the water you drink
II. the air you breathe V. salsa
III. a cup of coffee (black) VI. your lab partner

hetero, homo, homo, homo, hetero, hetero

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What is the formula of melamine?

C3H6N6

can be found in HB, if not in table 2-2, in VPs part

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Where in the body does fatty acid synthesis occur?

Cytoplasm

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What structural characteristics do citric acid and malic
acid have in common?

They are both hydroxy acids

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From which plant is capsaicin extracted?

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Give the technical names of Sc3+, Ti2+ and Sr2+
A. Transition metal ions
B. Scandium 3 plus ion; Titanium 2 plus ion; Strontium 2 plus
C. Scandium (III) ion; Titanium (II) ion; Strontium (II) ion
D. Scandium 44/31 ion; Titanium 47/22 ion; Strontium 97/38 ion

C. Scandium (III) ion; Titanium (II) ion; Strontium (II) ion

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Determine the gram molecular weights and equivalent weights of the following: MgCO3; CO2; K2HPO4 and NaNO3. Make the appropriate assumptions
A. 47.8/51.2; 66.4/71.1; 48.5/35; 67.5/46
B. 52.2/65; 134/36; 88/125; 120/55
C. 84.4/42.3; 44.2/22.3; 175/88; 85.2/85.3
D. 86.2/46; 48.1/51.1; 120/101; 96.3/102

C. 84.4/42.3; 44.2/22.3; 175/88; 85.2/85.3

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What is the molecular weight in amu/g/mol of 11-tetradecenyl acetate?
(amu C16H30O2)
A. 382.4 C. 196.2
B. 25.4 D. 505.8

B. 25.4 (this is typo, but is considered as the correct answer, since it has same numbers as 254 amu)

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What is the difference between a coenzyme and a cofactor?

Cofactor is more generic; it means a nonprotein part of an enzyme. A coenzyme is an organic factor.

Who discovered phenolphthalein?

Adolf von Baeyer

What is the chemical formula of Alar?

C6H12N2O3

Calculate the number of moles of hydrogen ion that is required to form 1.24 moles of hydrogen? What is the mass in grams of zinc to form 0.621 mole of hydrogen? A. None of these B. 2.44 moles hydrogen; 40.6 grams zinc C. 4.88 moles hydrogen; 60.3 grams zinc D. 1.22 moles hydrogen; 60.3 grams zinc

B. 2.44 moles hydrogen; 40.6 grams zinc

How many high-energy phosphate bonds are in the ATP molecule?

Calculate the mass of titanium in kilograms in 0.4011 million grams of TiCl4.

101

. Classify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture. a) diamond b) sea water c) gasoline d) wine e) a pebble f) bronze

element, mixture, mixture, mixture, mixture, mixture

Determine the mass of 2.50x1021 Pb atoms.

0.870 g

The two Br isotopes 79 Br and 81 Br, each has a natural abundance of about 50%. Determine what is the likely molecular weight of Br2. A. 162 amu B. 158 amu C. 160 amu D. All are equally like

C. 160

Which has higher absolute entropy at a temperature of 250C, cyclopropane or propylene? Why?

Propylene due to the free rotation around the carboncarbon single bond.

. Applying the Octet Rule, determine how many electrons each must each atom gain or loss to acquire an electron configuration identical to the noble gas nearest to it in atomic number; Sr, S and Si.

krypton; argon, argon and krypton (choose answer with most right)

How many moles of beryllium would a 43.1lb sample of pure aquamarine with formula Be3Al2(SiO3)6 contain? A. 3.2x103 mol B. 4.53 mol C. 1.1x102 mol D. 5.38x103 mol

C. 1.1x102 mol

Glucose is the only carbohydrate compound that the brain can use for energy. Which pathway is mobilized to supply the need of the brain during starvation?

gluconeogenesis

Determine the number of grams of C2H5N that will heat with 81.81 g of oxygen in the equation: C2H5N + O2 = CO + H2O + N

40g

Predict whether each of the following nuclides is stable or unstable (radioactive). If the nuclide is unstable, predict the type ofradioactivity you would expect it to exhibit. 45K, 56Fe, 11Na, 194Tl.

unstable-beta production, stable, unstable-positron production,unstable-alpha production

When 12 grams of carbon (s) are mixed with 64.2 grams of O2 (g), calculate how many grams of CO2 will be formed: A. 12 grams CO2 B. 32 grams CO2 C. 64 grams CO2 D. 44 grams CO2

D. 44 g

Determine the volume of carbon dioxide in cubic feet occupied by 120 lbs at a pressure of 1.5 atm.

Answer: 750 Using PV=nRT, and T=107 deg F

Crystals of a material are suspended in the middle of a cup of water at 2 deg C. How might you enable the crystals to rise to the surface of the water so that you can harvest them?

Increase the temperature of water to 4 deg C

Predict the order of the melting points of triglycerides containing fatty acids, as follows: I. Palmitic, palmitic, stearic II. Oleic, stearic, palmitic III. Oleic, linoleic, oleic

III < II < I

How many molecules are in one drop of water?

1.7x1021

To which subatomic particle does each statement refer to a.) has a positive charge; b.) is found outside of the nucleus; c.) has the smallest mass; d.) has a negative charge?

proton, electron, electron, and electron

The element that is in Group 14 and the fourth period is:

Germanium

Determine the number of neutrons of the radioactive isotope C14.

Author of Octet Rule

Gilbert Lewis

Which of the following objects are chiral (assume that there is no label or other identifying mark)? a) Pair of scissors b) Tennis ball c) Paper clip d) Beaker e) The swirl created in water as it drains out of a sink or bathtub

achiral, achiral, achiral, achiral, chiral

The theory of resonance was developed by __ in order to further explain the bonding structures of molecules or ions not covered by the Lewis Octet rule. A. Alfred Nobel B. Linus Pauling C. Le Chatelier D. Emmanuel Kroop

Which compound is formed by the reaction of malonic acid and urea with a catalyst, as discovered by Adolf von Baeyer?

Barbituric Acid

Consider the reaction 2O(g) à O2 (g). Predict the signs of deltaH and deltaS. Would the reaction more spontaneous at high or low temperatures?

deltaH = -, delta S = -, low

What was the method used by Friedrich Wöhler to break the vital force theory in nature? A. Combining organic compounds with inorganic compounds B. Heating ammonium nitrate to form ammonia and water C. Heating ammonium cyanate to form urea D. Carbon dioxide and water to form glucose

C. Heating ammonium cyanate to form urea

Who discovered EDTA?

Ferdinand Munz

The Nobel Prize for radioactivity discovery was shared between Curie and Roentgen. Who coined the word “Serendipity” in 1754?

Horace Wahlpole

How to differentiate alkane alkene and alkyne?

reaction with Br2

Who invented vulcanized rubber?

Charles Goodyear

Who discovered the structure of benzene?

Friedrich August Kekule

How many carbon atoms in olvanil?

Who is the father of Quantum Theory?

Max Planck

These compounds are formed by the reaction of acids with alcohol.

Esters

Who discovered x-ray?

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

The Tanay Rizal Stone Works employs six workers who produce uncompacted waste from the products formed for building decors. If the density of the uncompacted waste is 40 kilograms per cubic meters, determine the annual volume of solid waste produced by the factory assuming a waste generation volume rate of one kilogram per capita per day.

4.65 cubic meters

What was Melvin Calvin was known for his study of?

photosynthesis

Choose the process that occurs with a decrease in entropy A. freezing of water C. dissolving salt in water B. boiling of water D. sublimation of dry ice

freezing of water

What discovered Deuterium?

Harold C. Urey

Why is it accurate to assume that the carbon-14 to carbon12 ratio in a living plant remains constant over the lifetime of the plant? I. Carbon 14 is continually generated in the upper atmosphere by the production and decay of nitrogen 14. II. Carbon 14 incorporated into carbon dioxide and the other compounds are distributed worldwide as part of the carbon cycle. III. The continual formation of carbon-14; transfer of isotope within the oceans, atmospheres and biosphere; and the decay of living matter keep the supply constant.

T, T, T

Father of nuclear chemistry and discovered proof of nuclear fission.

Otto Hann

Who discovered carbon dating?

Willard Libby

Determine which of the following will float or sink in water: balsa wood, ethylene, glycol, table salt, ethanol

float, sink, sink. float

In an experiment it was found that the total charge on an oil drop was 5.93x10-18 C. How many negative charges does the drop contain? A. 18 C. 44 B. 23 D. 37

D. 37

Define the relationship between the number of electrons in the valence shell and the number of covalent bonds it forms: 1. Carbon 2. Nitrogen 3. Oxygen 4. Hydrogen A. C = 4 electrons, 4 bonds; N = 5 electrons, 3 bonds; O = 6 electrons, 2 bonds; H = 2 electrons, 2 bonds b. C = 5 electrons, 2 bonds; N = 6 electrons, 4 bonds; O = 3 electrons, 1 bond; H = 2 electrons, 3 bonds C. C = 6 electrons, 13 bonds; N = 4 electrons, 2 bonds; O = 2 electrons, 1 bond; H = 2 electrons, 1 bond D. C = 2 electrons, 4 bonds; N = 3 electrons, 3 bonds; O = 2 electrons, 2 bonds; H = 4 electrons, 3 bonds

A. C = 4 electrons, 4 bonds; N = 5 electrons, 3 bonds; O = 6 electrons, 2 bonds; H = 2 electrons, 2 bonds

Estimate the energy emitted per photon as well as the quantity of photons emitted per second from a one hundred watt yellowlight bulb with y = 550 nm and a one kilowatt microwave source with y = cm emitting 1.99 x 10-23 J per photon and 5.03 x 10 25 photons/sec/ A. 3.60 x 10-19 J and 2.77 x 1020 photons /sec B. 2.620 x 10-18 J and 3.11x 1021 photons /sec C. 3.91 x 10-20 J and 4.22 x 1019 photons /sec D. 4.11 x 10-20 J and1.67 x 1020 photons /sec

A. 3.60 x 10-19 J and 2.77 x 1020 photons /sec

Determine which of the following will float or sink in water: balsa wood, ethylene glycol, table salt, ethanol A. float, float, float, float B. float, sink, sink, float C. sink, float, sink, float D. sink, sink, sink, sink

B. float, sink, sink, float

Boron-10, an effective absorber of neutrons, is used in control rods of uranium-235 fission reactors to absorb neutrons and thereby control the rate of reaction. Boron-10 absorbs a neutron and then emits an a particle. Write a balanced equation for this nuclear reaction and identify the nucleus formed as an intermediate between boron-10 and the final nuclear product.

Which of the following symbols provides more information about the atom: 23Na or 11Na?

23Na

What other particle is formed in the fusion of two protons to yield deuterium?

neutron

Answer the following questions Is H+ (aq) capable of oxidizing Cu(s) to Cu2+ (aq)? Is Fe3+ (aq) capable of oxidizing I- (aq)? Is H2 (g) capable of oxidizing Ag+ (aq)?

no, yes, yes

Which isotope is produced when Polonium-216 decays by emitting an alpha particle followed by two beta particles?

Polonium-212

Process of breaking down a large isotope into smaller isotopes. A. nuclear fission B. beta particle emission C. nuclear fusion D. gamma ray emission

A. nuclear fission

When a thorium-230 atom undergoes alpha decay, the products of the reaction are usually: A. Radium and an alpha particle B. Actinium and an alpha particle C. Actinium and a positron D. Radium and a positron

Radium and an alpha particle

Balance the following equation: 225Ac82 = ? + 4He2; when one alpha particle is lost from actinium.

225Ac89 = 221Fr87 + 4He2

Determine whether TRUE or FALSE about the constitutional isomer. A.) They have the same molecular formula B.) They have the same molecular weight C.) They have the same connectivity to their atoms D.) They have the same physical properties

T; T; F; F

If radon-222 disintegrates to a stable condition by emitting three alpha emissions and two beta emission, determine the stable nucleus formed.

210Pb82

Number of double bonds in geraniol

Determine how many milligrams of rubidium-84 remains after 99 days from a ten mg sample. The half life is 33 days. A. 2.50 mg remains C. 0.10 mg remains B. 5.00 mg remains D. 1.25 mg remains

1.25 mg remains

Explain the differences in structure between a saturated hydrocarbon from an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

A saturated hydrocarbons contains only carbon-carbon single bonds, while an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.

Determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. a) For all adiabatic processes, the entropy change of the system must be zero b) For one component system, it is possible for two phases in equilibrium to have different chemical potentials. c) The change in Gibb’s free energy can be negative for a cyclic process. d) A condition for equilibrium is that(∆A) T, F =0

F, F, F, F

Determine the number of days it will take for one milligram of rubidium to decay to 0.6 mg.

63 Use half life : Rb- 86: 18.7 days

Are the following processes exothermic or endothermic? a) When solid KBr is dissolved in water, the solution gets colder. b) Natural gas (CH4) is burned in a furnace. c) When concentrated H2SO4 is added to water, the solution gets very hot. d) Water is boiled in a teakettle

endothermic, exothermic, exothermic, endothermic

Determine the molecular weights of glucose and urea respectively.

180 amu; 60 amu

Notation on alkane containing Cl

chloro

. What will happen to ice at 0°C if the pressure decreases from 1atm to 0.001 atm?

it becomes vapor

The heat of combustion of methane, the major component of natural gas, is 213 kcal/mol. The heat of combustion of propane, the major component of LPG or bottled gas, is 530 kcal/mol. On a kcal/mol basis, which of these two fuels is the better source of heat energy? On a kcal/g basis, which of these two fuels is the better source of heat energy?

propane, methane

An environmental engineering student was very interested in the reaction of the chemical 2,4,6-chickenwire. She went into the lab and found that 2,4,6-chickenwire degrades in water. During her experiments she collected the data in the following table. Determine if the reaction is zero-, first-, second-, third-order with respect to the concentration of 2,4,6-chickenwire.

1st order

Determine the decay product of americium 241 and the percentage remaining of the original americium after one thousand years. It is given that americium 241 has a half-life of approximately 432 years is known to be an alpha emitter. A. Neptunium 237; 25% B. Tritium 6; 65% C. Berkelium 246; 85% D. Bismuth 209; 45%

Neptunium 237; 25%

Half life of Rb istopes

Rb-82 : 1.26 mins Rb-83 : 82.2 mins Rb- 86: 18.7 days Rb-87 : 4.97*10^10 years

In year 2, the farmer plans to plant soybeans. No manure is to be applied during this crop year. The soybean is a legume and can fix adequate atmospheric nitrogen to produce the desired yield of soybeans. Additional nitrogen fertilizer does not produce significant yield increases. Soybeans require 50 kg N –(hectare)- 1, 35 kg P -(hectare) −1, and 225 kg K - (hectare)−1 according to the local extension agent. Estimate the remaining phosphorus after the corn is harvested. The corn crop from year 1 would have removed 52 kg of P2O5 – hectare-1 and 38 kg of K2O - hectare−1.

77.3 kg / hectare

Half life of C-14

5730 years

Given the following temperature and elevation data, determine the stability of the atmosphere. Elevation, m Temperature, 0C 2 14.35 324 11.13

neutral

A power plant in a college town is burning coal on a cold, clear winter morning at 8:00 A.M. with a wind speed of 2.6 m·s−1 measured at 30 m elevation and an inversion layer with its base at a height of 697 m. The effective stack height is 30 m. Calculate the distance downwind XL at which the plume released will reach the inversion layer and begin to mix downward.

5.8 km (incomplete data, memorize!)

A magician rotates a pail of water in a vertical circle with a radius of 0.50 meter amazes the audience because no water spilled out. What is the minimum speed at which no water will spill out?

3.13 m/sec/2 (tricky question, memorize)

Determine the age of the mineral sample which contains 50.05 mg of 238 Uranium and 14.05 mg of 206 lead. Assume a half-life for the process of 238 U and 206 Pb at 4.52 x109 years. A. K = 1.50 x10-10 per year; 75.2 mg 238 U; 2.20 x109 years old B. K = 1.80 x10-9 per year; 66.2 mg 238 U; 1.80 x109 years old C. K = 0.90 x10-8 per year56.1 mg 238 U; 1.30 x109 years old D. K = 2.10 x10-10 per year; 87.1 mg 238 U; 2.80 x109 years old

B. K = 1.80 x10-9 per year; 66.2 mg 238 U; 1.80 x109 years old

Calculate how much ten milligrams of iodine 131/53 will be found in the body of a patient after 32 days (the half-life of iodine 131/53 is 8 days).

0.625

Analyze and determine the mass weight in milligrams of a 2.01mg sample of an isotope 83Bi has a half-life of 1.03 yrs that has not decayed after 3.77x103 hrs.

1.5 mg

As a result of the Aykhal Crystal Denotation in 1974 (in the former Soviet Union), cesium-137 was measured (in 1993) in the soil concentration of 2x104 Bq/kg soil. If the background concentration of 137Cs is 0.5 Bq/kg soil, how many years will it take before the concentration of 137Cs reaches background levels? The decay of radionuclide occurs by a first-order reaction. Half-life is 30 years.

459 years

An accident occurred in the Bataan nuclear power plant when it was being commissioned 30 years ago, 48.01 grams of tritium was released. If the half-life of tritium is 12.3 years, what was the mass of tritium left after the 12.3 years and at the end of 49 years

24.0, 3.0 mg

Polymer used in bullet proof vest

Linear Polyethylene

A chemical engineering professor recorded her household waste generation as shown below. If a container volume is 0.076 cubic meter, what is the average density of the solid waste produced the household. Each empty container has a mass of 3.61 kilograms.

58.50 kg/cu. m

Draw the condensed and skeletal structures of diethyl ether which is used by most doctors and hospitals as an anesthetic during operations. A.C2H5OC2H5 B.C6H6O6 C.C5H10O D.CH3CH2OCH2CH3

D.CH3CH2OCH2CH3

Fatty acid such as lauric acid and palmitic acid and oleic acid are long unbranched carboxylic acids consisting of 12 to 20 carbon atoms. Which type of fatty acid should people avoid ingesting, saturated or unsaturated and why?

Saturated, because the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased.

It is an organic reaction that converts an alcohol into an alkyl chlorine using triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride.

Appel Reaction

What compound can be used to convert alcohol or a phenol into an ester? A. Acetic anhydride: CH3-C-O-COCH3 B. Benzamide C. Maleic anhydrate: CH3-CH2-COO-CH3 D. Aqueous bromine solution

Acetic anhydride: CH3-C-O-COCH3

We heat 50.0 g of an unknown substance by adding 205 cal, and its temperature rises by 7.0°C. Identify the substance.

ethanol

What is the Nujol Mull in organic chemical reactions? A. It is a mass spectrum technique and is obtained by grinding up a solid which is mixed with mineral oil to form a suspension for IR spectroscopy B. It is the name of a type of paraffin oil from India and most often used in gas chromatography to enhance the mass transfer properties of compounds C. It is a process applied for inorganic compounds to determine the effervescence of the compound under study D. It is suspension in mineral oil which is placed in between HgCl, AgI and KCl or stainless steel plates to obtain a good spectrum

A. It is a mass spectrum technique and is obtained by grinding up a solid which is mixed with mineral oil to form a suspension for IR spectroscopy

Explain the differences in structure between a saturated hydrocarbon from an unsaturated hydrocarbon. A. Any of these B. A saturated hydrocarbons contains only carbon-carbon single bonds, while an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds. C. A saturated hydrocarbon is used mainly in cheaper forms of gasoline for vehicle use, while unsaturated hydrocarbons composed most of the gasoline formulas, used by current gasoline manufacturers. D. A saturated hydrocarbon can no longer accept any hydrocarbon or inorganic element and compound, while an unsaturated hydrocarbon is more of flexible in reaction mechanisms.

B. A saturated hydrocarbons contains only carbon-carbon single bonds, while an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains one or more carbon-carbon double or triple bonds.

Do isotopes of the heavy elements (for example, those from atomic number 37 to 53) contain more, the same, or fewer neutrons than protons?

T; T; F; F

Which of the following is a primary application of ethylene? A. Production of plastics and synthetic fibers B. Use as a plant hormone for ripening of fruits C. Use as a fuel in industrial applications D. Use as a refrigerant in cryogenic applications

B. Use as a plant hormone for ripening of fruits

What structural characteristics do citric acid and malic acid have in common?

They are both hydroxy acids

The purpose of control rods in a fission reactor is to:

absorb neutrons generated in the fission process

What is the buckyball?

A fullerene

The design flow and overflow rates for a settling tank are 0.044 m3 · s−1 and 20 m · day−1, respectively. Determine the surface area of this tank. Determine the length of the tank, using conventional wisdom for length-to-width ratios. Determine the tank depth, assuming a detention time of 2 hours.

190 m2, 16 m and 1.7 m

Adrenaline is produced in the body through a biochemical nucleophilic substitution reaction where: A. The leaving groups are larger and more complex than the halogen atoms frequently in nucleophilic substitution reactions. B. According to Markovnikov’s rule, the biosynthesis of epinephrine adds hydrogen atoms to the double banded carbon atom. C. The nucleophilic nitrogen atom of norepinendrine from a covalent bond with the CH3 of S adenosylmethionine D. The reactant neocleophile atom replaces the leaving group in the nucleophylic substitution reaction.

D. he reactant neocleophile atom replaces the leaving group in the nucleophylic substitution reaction.

What organic product is formed when C6H5CH2COOH is treated with CH3OH + H2SO4 (catalyst)? A. C6H5CH2CH2OH B. C6H5CH2C00-Na+ + CO2 + H20 C. C6H5CH2C00-NH4 D. C6H5CH2CO2CH3 + H20

C6H5CH2CO2CH3 + H20

In a dehydration reaction where water is lost, an organic compound C3H8O reacts with concentrated phosphoric acid and a product is formed. This product rapidly decolorizes a solution of bromine in tetrachloromethane. What is this product?

Propene

These compounds are formed by the reaction of acids with alcohols.

Esters

A landfill that is 12 ha in area has a liner of thickness 0.9 m. Each year 1700 m3 of leachate is collected. The hydraulic conductivity of the liner is 3.9 × 10−10 m · s−1. What is the head of water above the liner?

1.04 m

Saturated, because the risk of cardiovascular disease is increased

The person’s sense of smell and taste depend on specific biochemic receptors present in a person’s nose and mouth. In 2004, a Nobel Prize was given to the researchers who established this fact and identified the the type of organic compound associated with the sense of smell and taste. The chemical identified was;

rhodopsin

Name the major physiologically active substances that comes from: bark of the willow tree, the pituitary gland, the sap of the poppy and the belladenna plant. A. Cocaine, reserpine, salicin, atropine B. Reserpine, atropine, B-endorphine, opium C. Opium, cocaine, salicin, and reserpine D. Salicin, beta-endomorphin, opium, atropine

D. Salicin, beta-endomorphin, opium, atropine

It is the major component of lecithin.

Phosphatidylcholine

Taurine, a Beta amino acid belongs to the acidic group of:

A. –SO2OH

In the study of fats and lipids, determine which of the two triglycerides has a higher melting point? Substance A containing only lauric acid and glycerol, or substance B-containing only stearic acid and glycerol? A. Both have the same melting points B. B C. A D. None of these

Substance B

Calculate the degree of deprotonation of the side chain of cysteine at pH 7.30, given that the side chain –SH group has pKa = 8.20.

0.11

Define is DNA? RNA? A. Beta ribose phosphoric acid and 1,2 ribonucleic acid B. Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid C. Di-oxyl nucleic acid and cystosine D. 1,2-deoxyribose and cystosine

B. Deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid

Glucose is the only carbohydrate compound that the brain can use for energy. Which pathway is mobilized to supply the need of the brain during starvation?

gluconeogenesis

Predict the order of the melting points of triglycerides containing fatty acids, as follows: I. Palmitic, palmitic, stearic II. Oleic, stearic, palmitic III. Oleic, linoleic, oleic

III < II < I

A falling raindrop initially has no dissolved oxygen. The saturation concentration for oxygen in the drop of water is 9.20 mg · L−1. If, after falling for 2 s, the droplet has an oxygen concentration of 3.20 mg · L−1, how long must the droplet fall (from the start of the fall) to achieve a concentration of 8.20 mg · L−1? Assume that the rate of oxygen exchange is first-order.

10.4 s

The concentration of carbon dioxide in water at 200C is determined to be 1x10-5 M. The Henry’s constant for carbon dioxide dissolution in water is 3.91x10-2 M/atm at 200C. What is the partial pressure of the CO2 in the air?

2.56x10-4

You are working in a site where a leaking underground storage tank has contaminated the soil and groundwater was analyzed and the concentrations of benzene and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) were found to be 45 and 500 micro grams per liter, respectively. At the soil temperature (100C) the dimensionless Henry’s constants, H for benzene and MTBE are 0.09 and 0.01, respectively. Calculate the soil vapor concentrations of both chemical compounds.

Benzene = 0.36 micro g/L and MTBE = 5 micro g/L

Which of the acid combination is the dominant composition of acid rain?

nitric acid and sulfuric acid

Radioactive solid nuclear wastes are disposed off by

underground burial in concrete containers

A contaminated soil is to be excavated and treated in a completely mixed aerated lagoon at a Superfund site. To determine the time it will take to treat the contaminated soil, a laboratory completely mixed batch reactor is used to gather the following data. Determine the time to achieve 99% reduction in the original concentration.

92 days

Calculate the theoretical oxygen demand of glutamic acid. Assume the concentration of glutamic acid is 0.1 mM.

21 mg/L

Compute the theoretical NBOD of a wastewater containing 30 mg/L of ammonia as nitrogen. If the wastewater analysis was reported as 30 mg/L of ammonia (NH3), what would the theoretical NBOD be?

137 mg/L and 113 mg/L

A sample of municipal sewage is diluted to 1% by volume prior to running a BOD5 analysis. After 5 days the oxygen consumption is determined to be 2.00 mg/L. What is the BOD5 of the sewage?

200 mg/L

If the BOD of a municipal wastewater at the end of 7 days and 250C is 60.0 mg/L and the ultimate BOD is 85.0 mg/L, what is the rate constant at 160C?

A. 0.08/d

The following data are provided to you: Seeded wastewater: Initial DO = 8.6 mg/L Final DO (after 5 d) = 2.1 mg/L Volume of wastewater = 2.5 mL Total volume in BOD bottle = 300 mL Seeded dilution water: Initial DO = 8.6 mg/L Final DO (after 5 d) = 7.3 mg/L Temperature = 200C Calculate the BOD of the sample in mg/L. A. 598 C. 760 B. 625 D. 832

625

A large stream has a reoxygenation constant of 0.4/day and a velocity of 0.85 m/s. At the point at which an organic pollutant is discharged, it is saturated with oxygen at 10 mg/L. Below the outfall the ultimate demand for oxygen is found to be 20 mg/L, and the deoxygenation constant is 0.2/day. What is the dissolved oxygen 48.3 km downstream?

7.8 mg/L

The initial ultimate BOD after mixing of the Bergelmir River is 12.0 mg/L. The DO in the Bergelmir River after the wastewater and river have mixed is at saturation. The river temperature is 10◦C. At 10◦C, the deoxygenation rate constant (kd) is 0.30/day, and the reaeration rate constant (kr) is 0.40/day. Determine the critical DO.

7.53 mg/L

Using the data given below, calculate the DO concentration just mixing WWTP Effluent Babbling Flow 0.36 4.8 UlBOD 27 1.35 DO 0.9 8.5

8 mg/L

7.8 mg/L

7.53 mg/L

A stream flowing with a velocity of 2 mph contains no BOD, but has an oxygen deficit of 6 mg/L. Ten miles downstream this deficit has been reduced to 4 mg/L through adsorption from the atmosphere. The stream conditions are uniform throughout its length. Assuming the rate of aeration is proportional to the deficit, what would be the deficit 35 miles downstream from the original point?

1.45 mg/L

A sample of water having a pH of 7.2 has the following concentration of ions. Calculate the total hardness. Ca 2+ 40 mg/L Mg 2+ 10 mg/ L ...

141 mg/L as CaCO3

Calculate the exact alkalinity of a water containing 120 mg/L of bicarbonate ion and 15 mg/L of carbonate ion if the pH is 9.43.

124 mg/L as CaCO3

If a water sample was found to contain 19.2 mg/L of magnesium ion and 44.4 mg/L of calcium ion, expressed the amount of hardness. The sample case from a Maynilad source.

189 mg/L as CaCO3

A water contains 100.0 mg · L−1 CO2−3 and 75.0 mg · L−1 HCO−3 at a pH of 10 (T = 25◦C). Calculate the exact alkalinity. Approximate the alkalinity by ignoring the appropriate chemical species.

233 mg/L as CaCO3

Given the following data for Marikina River and Pasig River, determine the best combination of plant and location to conserve the environment Table of Data

Plant B in Marikina River or if the other version Plant B-B is the answer

If a 1.0 m3 · s−1 flow water treatment plant uses ten sedimentation basins with an overflow rate of 15 m3 · day−1 · m−2, what should be the surface area (m2) of each tank?

576 m2

Determine the following temperature profiles (Z in m vs T in degC), determine whether the atmosphere is unstable, neutral or stable. A) 2, -3.05 and 318, -6.21 B) 10, 6 and 202, 3.09 C) 18, 14.03 and 286, 16.71

neutral, unstable, stable

A power plant in Benguet is burning coal on a cold clear January at 8:00 am with a wind speed of 2.6 meters/second measured at an elevation of 31 meters and an inversion layer with its base founded at a height of 695 meters. The effective height of the stack is 31 meters. Calculate the distance downward wt which the plume released will reach the inversion layer and start to mix downward.

5.8 km

A landfill with a gas collection system is in operation and serves a population of 200,000. MSW is generated at a rate of 1.95 kg · (capita)−1 · day−1. Gas is produced at an annual rate of 6.2 L · kg−1 of MSW delivered to the landfill. The gas contains 55% methane. Gas recovery is 15% of that generated. The heat content of the landfill gas is approximately 17,000 kJ · m−3 (a value lower than the theoretical value because of dilution of the methane with air during recovery). The landfill company and a developer have proposed to build a subdivision in the vicinity of the landfill and pipe the methane generated to the homes to be used for heating. The homes are estimated to use an average of 110 × 106 kJ of heat energy each year. Peak usage during winter is 1.5 times the average usage. How many homes can be built in the subdivision?

7 homes

Determine the area required for anew landfill in Batangas province with projected life of 30 years for a population of 250000 people generating 2.10 kg per capita per day. The density of the compacted waste is 472 kilograms per cubic meter. The height of the landfill should not exceed 16 meters.

78 ha

The Tanay Rizal Stone Works employs six workers who produce uncompacted waste from the products formed for building decors. If the density of the uncompacted waste is 480 kilograms per cubic meters, determine the annual volume of solid waste produced by the factory assuming a waste generation volume rate of one kilogram per capita per day.

4.56

The Malayan landfill about 100 kilometers from Kuala Lumpur serves a population of 562,400 people generating MSW at a rate of 1.90 kilograms per capita per day. The capacity of the landfill is 11.3x106 cubic meters. In 2015, 63% of the landfill was being used. The ratio of cover to compacted fill is 1.95. Calculate the remaining projected life for the landfill. Assume the density of the compacted waste to be 492 kilograms per cubic meters.

2.76 years

A town of 20,000 in Laguna generates 0.96 kg/(capita)-day of MSW. A town of the same size in the Makati City in Metro Manila generates 1.9 kg/(capita)-day of MSW. How much MSW is generated in each town? How many trucks would be needed to collect the waste twice weekly? The trucks each have a capacity of 4.5 MT and operate 5 days per week. Assume that the trucks average two loads per day at 75% capacity. Calculate the number and volume of MSW in tons that enter the landfill

19100 kg/d and 39000 kg/d, 4 and 8 trucks, 58 m3/d 105 m3/d

A municipal landfill has available space of 16.2 ha at an average depth of 10 m. Seven hundred sixty-five (765) cubic meter per day of solid waste is dumped at the site 5 days a week. This waste is compacted to twice its delivered density. Draw a mass-balance diagram and estimate the expected life of the landfill in years.

16 years

A deer eats 25 kg of herbaceous material per day. The herbaceous matter is approximately 20% dry matter (DM) and has an energy content of 10 MJ/(kg DM). Of the total energy ingested per day, 25% is excreted as undigested material. Of the 75% that is digested, 80% is lost to metabolic waste products and heat. The remaining 20% is converted to body tissue. Calculate the percentage of energy consumed that is converted to body tissue.

A. 15%

If one gallon of blood was added in three gallons of water, and one ounce of that dilution was added to 9 ounces of water, what is the final dilution when 7mL of that dilution was added to 563 mL of water?

3.11x10-4

In a gas mixture containing 100mg/L H2S gas at 25 ̊C and 1atm, determine the partial pressure exerted by the gas.

0.071

When formic acid is 4.6% ionized in 0.105M of aqueous solution at room temperature, determine the ionization constant of the acid. If the solution containing 0.25N of 25mL acid is diluted to 202mL and titrated with 0.35 NaOH, calculate the pH value and the concentration of the hydrogen ion at the equivolume part.

A. 2.2x10-4; 8.06; 8.7x10-9

Analyze and calculate the percentage of nickel in a 1.201g sample of nickel ore which was analyzed by the volumetric method. A solution of 48mL containing 1.4x10-2 g of KCN/mL and the excess cyanide required half a milliliter of silver nitrate solution with 1.25x10-2 g AgNO3 per milliliter.

12.5%

Determine the final volume of 0.51 M KBr when the starter volume is 100 mL. From a 50 mL solution of 0.25 M alanine, what volume will be required using 0.11 M alanine. A. 196, 114 mL B. 51, 33 mL C. 179, 102 mL D. 201, 120 mL

196, 114 mL

Benzene = 0.36 micro g/L and MTBE = 5 micro g/L

A solution of calcium chloride is prepared in a 1 L volumetric flask. A 60-g sample of CaCl2 is added to a small amount of water in the flask, and then additional water is added to bring the total volume of the solution to 1 L. What is the concentration of calcium chloride in units of molarity?

0.5406 M

A solution of cation gives a crimson red flame. This flame test is a confirmatory test for:

Sr2+

What is the color of nickel chloride?

yellow

Substances whose solutions change color due to changes in pH.

Indicator

Determine the number of moles of an unknown base in a solution when titrated with 0.150 M HCl and 22.01ml of acid were needed to reach the end point of the titration.

3.30x10-3 ml

Determine the pH of 0.21 M solution of sodium benzoate in water at room temperature.

8.74

Determine the: 1. Moles of analyte 2. Volume of titrant to reach end point 3. pH at the start, halfway and at the endpoint for each of the titrations performed. For the titration shown as follows: 50mL of a weak base (pKb=5), 0.072M with 0.153M HCl. a. 3x10-3mol; 24mL; 10.84, 8.82, 5.06 b. 11.25x10-4mol; 12.22mL; 7.34, 2.11, 12.23 c. 10.35x10-1mol; 16mL; 5.32, 4.23, 8.45 d. 7.24x10-2mol; 11.25mL; 11.23, 5.31, 9.56

3x10-3mol; 24mL; 10.84, 8.82, 5.06

Calculate the heat of vaporization in kJ/mol of a compound with the following characteristics. T(K) P(Torr) 338.12 52.301 369.52 141.801

33.06 kJ/mol

An adiabatic process is one in which the system under investigation is thermally isolated so that there is no exchange of heat with the surroundings. Thus, the work done on a closed system in an adiabatic process is _____. A. Equal to zero B. Not equal to the exchange of heat with surroundings C. Equal to the increase in internal energy of the system D. Not equal to the increase in internal energy of the system

C. Equal to the increase in internal energy of the system

State Le Chatelier’s Principle. A. Le Chatelier’s principle states that when a stress is placed on a system in equilibrium, the system tends to change in a way that relieves the stress. B. All of these C. Examples of the application of Le Chatelier’s principle are blowing your breath through a straw and dissolving alka seltzer tablet in a glass of water. D. Le Chatelier’s principle explains both the formation and decomposition of acids, where anything that might act to increase the concentration of an acid would produce an increase in the other components so as to keep the numerical

A. Le Chatelier’s principle states that when a stress is placed on a system in equilibrium, the system tends to change in a way that relieves the stress.

What is the Clapeyron Equation? A. Any of these B. It postulates that the colligative properties, freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure, and vapor pressures are all dependent on the number f particles in the solution and any change thereof is described. C. It postulates that if two components systems consisting of solid and liquid phases are miscible in the liquid state and immiscible in the solid state, only the pure solid systems will separate out on cooling solutions. D. It postulates that if the temperature and pressure are both change in such a way as to keep the chemical potentials of two phases equal to each other, the rates of change are given by the equation.

D. It postulates that if the temperature and pressure are both change in such a way as to keep the chemical potentials of two phases equal to each other, the rates of change are given by the equation.

In a standard chemical reaction, rate is governed by the relationship rate=pze-E/RT, where p and z refer to the probability that reacting molecules make a favorable encounter. To increase the probability of reaction, enzymes are employed. Based on the above equation, if E is the activation energy, which is more favorable and why? A lower or hgher E? A. Lower E so that more molecules possess sufficient energy to react B. Higher E so that a better nucleophile and electrophile are catalyzed C. Lower E so that a proton can be donated or stolen for the reactants leading to better catalysis D. Higher E so the bonds of the reactants will be strained and provide more power transition state condition

C. Lower E so that a proton can be donated or stolen for the reactants leading to better catalysis

The coexistence curve where the plot of pressure versus temperature along which the two phases coexist was shown by Clausius- Clapeyron. What did Clausius postulate? A. The Clapeyron equation was simplified by assuming that the vapor obeys the ideal gas law and by neglecting the molar volume of the liquid VL in comparison with the molar volume of the gas VG B. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation does not apply to this situation C. The Clausius-Clapeyron theory is applicable only for vaporization and sublimation condition D. Both scientists apply their postulates to linear and curvilinear representation

A. The Clapeyron equation was simplified by assuming that the vapor obeys the ideal gas law and by neglecting the molar volume of the liquid VL in comparison with the molar volume of the gas VG

What is the significance of colligative property in physical chemistry? a. It refers to the freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure and lowering of the vapor pressure by a nonvolatile solute b. It refers to the temperature, pressure and energy of fusion of volatile solutes in phase equilibrium c. It refers to the non-existence of pressure among molecules within the solute d. It refers to the temperature differentials exhibited by non-volatile solutes in reactions

a. It refers to the freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure and lowering of the vapor pressure by a nonvolatile solute

In the collision theory of chemical kinetics, it is suggested that reaction rate is governed by the relationship rate=Pze-E/RT. What can an enzyme do to the activation energy of the reaction E? A. Enzymes can raise temperature to make the reaction proceed faster B. None of these C. Enzymes bind the reactants in close proximity for a longer period in order to get the reaction energy going D. Enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway in lowering the energy level of the reaction

D. Enzymes provide an alternative reaction pathway in lowering the energy level of the reaction

What is the theory in two or three dimensional collision to be applied when playing billiard balls and in order to sink the target ball in the corner pocket? A. The center of the mass theory where the center of the mass of the system moves as all the mass in the system were concentrated at that point, and one of them is initially at rest, and they were in perpendicular direction of the collision B. Proton-proton elastic collision C. The component of momentum an isolated system in each of the directions (x, y, z) are conserved independently D. Where two equal masses undergo a glancing elastic collision

D. Where two equal masses undergo a glancing elastic collision

When travelling at NLEX at 80mph, a stopped car in front causes you to suddenly skid to stop. What happened to the kinetic energy of the moving car? A. Some of it were converted to internal energy and some transferred to the road and surroundings B. It was transferred to the internal energy of the road C. All of it transferred to the road and surroundings D. All of it are still in the car

C. All of it transferred to the road and surroundings

Water at room temperature usually has a slightly acidic pH. This is largely attributed to what compound(s)?

Carbonic acid

DAY 1 Flashcards

(194 cards)