Day 3 Path 2

Question 1

granulomas are produced by?

Answer 1

multinucleated giant cells like langerhans giant cells or foreign body giant cells

– giant cells and epithelioid cells development into granulomatous inflammation; subtype of chronic inflammation; associated with mycobacterium TB

Question 2

signs of inflammation

Answer 2

rubor (red)
calor ( heat)
tumor (swelling)
dolar (pain)
loss of function

Question 3

3 major phenomena of acute inflammation

Answer 3

increase vascular permeability
leukocyte cellular infiltration (C5a and C3a)
reapir

Question 4

2 phases of acute inflammation

Answer 4

vascular phase

• basophile, mast cells, platletes
• vasoconstriction is TEMPOARARY, causes whitening
• vasodilation to increase flow
• increase permeability

cellular phase

• PMN luekocytes via chemotaxis
• phagocytosis, becomes phagosomes > phagolysosome
• macrophages appear late to mark transition to chronic inflammation

Question 5

exudate vs transudate

Answer 5

exudate

• pus, tissue damage
• protein and cell rich
• glucose poor
• high specific gravity exceeding 1.020

transudate

• result from increased intravascular hydrostatic pressure; NON-inflammatory conditions
• thin and watery
• few cells and protein
• LOW specific gravity less than 1.020

Question 6

Viruses are haploid or diploid? what is the exception?

Answer 6

• almost all are haploid (single copy of genome)
• remember viruses are NOT cells, have no nucleus or organelles, canNOT reproduce independently
• Exception is the retrovirus family which are diploid

Question 7

viroids vs prions vs virions

Answer 7

virion= viral particle of a virus with either double or single stranded DNA or RNA but never both

• covered in a protein coat called capsid
• capsid is naked or enveloped by lipoprotein

viroids= single molecule of circular RNA WITHOUT protein coat or enveloped; in plants

prions= infectious protein particles that are solely protein (E: Creutzfeld-Jakob brain disease from mad cow)

Question 8

herpes simplex virus 1
acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
adult recurrence
herpes simplex virus 2

Answer 8

herpes simplex virus 1

• primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
• transmitted via SALIVA
• 10 or younger
• subclinical; flu like symptoms
• diagnosed by Tzank smear of skin lesions

acute herpetic gingivostomatitis

• acute symptoms
• dehydration bc do not drink due to painful ulcers

adult recurrence

• virus remains latent in sensory nerve ganglia after primary infection
• in same site or next to it
• most common recurrance in VERMILLION BORDER of lips (cold sore)

herpes simplex virus 2
- via genitals

Question 9

1) temperate phage
2) virulent phage
3) define bacteriophage
4) phage T4
5) plasmid

Answer 9

1) temperate phage (or lysogenic)
- replication by alternate method where phage genime is incorporated into bacterial genome
- persists thru cell divisions without killing host
- contained in lysogenic bacterium

2) virulent phage (or lytic)
- lyses and kills host

3) bacteriophage= a virus that can replicate only within a specific host bacterial cell

4) phage T4= phage that infects E.coli
5) plasmid= double stranded DNA molecules that replicate independently of bacterial chromosome

Question 10

1. for RNA viruses, transcription occurs in the ___ except for?
2. for RNA viruses, transcription involves RNA dependent ___ polymerase except for?
3. for DNA viruses, transcription occurs in the ___ except for?
4. for DNA viruses, transcription involves host cell DNA dependent _____?

Answer 10

1. cytoplasm; except retroviruses and influenza
2. RNA dependent RNA polymerase; except for retroviruses with reverse transcriptase (RNA dependent DNA polymerase)
3. nucleus; except for poxviruses
4. host-cell DNA-dependent RNA polymerase