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24otigjeflbklksjglw > dd 3 > Flashcards

dd 3 Flashcards

1
Q

John Keegan

A

Historian who described Japan as “not sell[ing] themselves or their
society” for western modernity

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2
Q

Joe Rosenthal

A

American photographer who captured the flag-raising on Mount

Suribachi in February 1945

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3
Q

Joachim von Ribbentrop

A

Defendant in the Nuremberg trials

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4
Q

James Doolittle

A

American Lieutenant Colonel; led the bombing raid on Tokyo in April
1942

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5
Q

Jack Fletcher

A

American admiral; led fleet in the Battle of Midway

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6
Q

J. Robert Oppenheimer

A

Civilian leader of the Manhattan Project to develop an atomic bomb

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7
Q

Iwane Matsui

A

Japanese general; part of the 1937 invasion of Nanking

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8
Q

Houston Stewart

Chamberlain

A

British Social Darwinist; son-in-law of Richard Wagner; wrote The
Foundations of the Nineteenth Century (1899) arguing for Aryan racial
superiority

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9
Q

Ho Chi Minh

A

Leader of the Viet Minh independence movement

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10
Q

Hirohito

A

Japanese emperor; announced Japanese surrender following the
atomic bombings; given blanket exemption from prosecution prior to
the Tokyo War Crimes Trial

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11
Q

Hideki Tojo

A

Militarist Japanese war minister; became Prime Minister on October
16, 1941 and convened Imperial Conference to determine plans for
war on the United States

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12
Q

Henri Phillipe Petain

A

Famous French general during World War I; took command of the
French government following the German invasion and cooperated
with the occupiers in the administration of Vichy France

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13
Q

Henri Giraud

A

Free French general in Algeria with whom the Allies cooperated prior
to Operation Torch

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14
Q

Heinrich Himmler

A

Head of the SS and Gestapo

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15
Q

Harry Truman

A

American president; succeeded Roosevelt on April 12, 1945; approved
use of nuclear weapons against Japan

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16
Q

Harlan Fiske Stone

A

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who criticized the Nuremberg trials
as victor’s justice

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17
Q

Gustav Bauer

A

Successor of Philipp Scheidemann who signed the Treaty of Versailles

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18
Q

Gerd von Rundstedt

A

Commander of German forces on the western front; supported

holding back until Allies had come ashore in the 1944 invasion

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19
Q

Georges Clemenceau

A

French prime minister; participated in Versailles peace conference in
1919

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20
Q

George Patton

A

American military commander who first rose to prominence during
the Operation Torch landings; took over American ground forces in
North Africa following the battle of Kasserine Pass

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21
Q

George Kennan

A

American diplomat; author of the Long Telegram advocating the
policy of containment

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22
Q

George C. Marshall

A

American Army Chief-of-Staff; argued for an immediate invasion of
Europe in July 1942 but was overruled by Roosevelt and British military
leaders

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23
Q

Gar Alperovitz

A

Historian who argued that the American atomic bombing of Japan
served as a warning to the Soviet Union more than to Japan

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24
Q

Galeazzo Ciano

A

Italian representative who signed the Tripartite pact

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25
Q

Franklin D Roosevelt

A

Only American president to serve three terms; brought United States
into World War II; approved development of nuclear weapons; died
shortly prior to the Potsdam Conference

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26
Q

François Darlan

A

Vichy French admiral and commander of forces in Algeria; agreed to
armistice with Allied forces following the Operation Torch landings

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27
Q

Francisco Franco

A

Conservative military general who led a coup against the Spanish
Republic, starting the Spanish Civil War

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28
Q

Erwin Rommel

A

German commander involved in the invasion of France; led the Afrika
Korps from 1941 and later oversaw the defense of the French coast
from Allied reinvasion

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29
Q

Ernest King

A

American admiral; chief of naval operations; fought for Japan-first
strategy in World War II

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30
Q

Edouard Daladier

A

French Prime Minister who participated in the 1938 Munich
Conference; resigned during the Winter War over his government’s
handling of the conflict

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31
Q

Dwight Eisenhower

A

American general; overall commander of the Operation Torch

landings and later D-Day invasions

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32
Q

Douglas MacArthur

A

Commander of American defense in the Philippines; Supreme Allied
Commander in the occupation of Japan; oversaw post-war tribunals
and reconstruction of Japan

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33
Q

David Lloyd George

A

British prime minister; participated in post-World War I peace
conference in 1919

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34
Q

Curtis LeMay

A

XX Bomber Command leader from mid-1944

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35
Q

Cordell Hull

A

American secretary of state; negotiated with Nomura Kichisaburo in
failed effort to avoid war in the Pacific

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36
Q

Clement Attlee

A

Prime Minister of Great Britain succeeding Winston Churchill in 1945

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37
Q

Chuichi Nagumo

A

Japanese admiral; commanded four heavy carriers in Battle of Midway

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38
Q

Chiang Kai-Shek

A

Nationalist leader of China; bore the brunt of Japanese attacks during
World War II; defeated in Chinese Civil War and fled to Taiwan

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39
Q

Chester Nimitz

A

American admiral; commanded Pacific fleet and Allied offensives in
the Pacific after 1943

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40
Q

Charles de Gaulle

A

Leader of the Free French forces

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41
Q

Chang Hsueh-Liang

A

Manchurian warlord who effectively controlled the region outside of
Chiang Kai-Shek’s sphere of influence; deposed by Japan in 1931

42
Q

Bernard Law Montgomery

A

British commander nicknamed “Monty”; appointed head of British
forces in Egypt in 1942 and won the Second Battle of El Alamein

43
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

Fascist dictator of Italy; took power in the March on Rome; arrested
and replaced as prime minister on July 25, 1943 following Allied
invasion of Egypt

44
Q

Bao Dai

A

Puppet emperor of Vietnam backed by American advisors in South
Vietnam

45
Q

Arthur Seys-Inquart

A

Interim chancellor of Austria who succeeded Schuschnigg to pave the
way for a complete German annexation of the country

46
Q

Arthur Balfour

A

British Foreign Secretary; wrote 1917 letter to British Zionist implying
support for a Jewish state in Palestine

47
Q

Anton Drexler

A

German locksmith who founded the German Workers Party in January
1919

48
Q

Alfred Jodl

A

Defendant in the Nuremberg trials

49
Q

Alfred Dreyfus

A

Jewish French army captain falsely convicted in 1894 for spying for
Germany; further charged with falsifying evidence in 1896

50
Q

Albert Speer

A

Defendant in the Nuremberg trials

51
Q

Winter War

A

Soviet invasion of Finland in 1939 following the Finnish government’s
refusal to concede border territory

52
Q

Warsaw Uprising

A

Polish Home Army revolt in August 1944 launched in expectation of
the Soviet liberation of Warsaw

53
Q

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

A

Jewish uprising against German deportations to Treblinka; crushed by
April 1943 and resulted in deportation or massacre of 56,000

54
Q

Wannsee Conference

A

January 1942 Nazi conference outlining the Final Solution

55
Q

Trinity Test

A

First successful atomic bomb detonation on July 16, 1945 at

Alamogordo

56
Q

Trident Conference

A

May 1943 meeting in Washington, D.C.; finalized Operation Husky and
fixed May 1, 1944 as the invasion date for France

57
Q

Spanish Civil War

A

Civil war between conservative general Francisco Franco and
republican Spanish government; saw intervention of Soviet Union,
Italy, and Germany

58
Q

Sitzkrieg

A

phoney war

59
Q

Show trials

A

Series of rigged political tribunals held for 1936 to 1938 to persecute
political opponents of Stalin; sentenced 680,000 to death and many
more to imprisonment in prison camps

60
Q

Second Battle of El

Alamein

A

British offensive against the Afrika Korps launched on October 23,
1942; forced a German retreat on November 1942 and broke
Rommel’s hold over North Africa

61
Q

Russo-Japanese War

A

1904-5 conflict in which Russia lost territory to Japan; territory
returned to Soviet Union under the Yalta conference agreements

62
Q

Russian Revolution

A

Overthrow of the Russian Empire by the Communist Party

63
Q

Rape of Nanking

A

Japanese atrocities against Chinese civilians in Nanking after the city
fell in late 1937

64
Q

Quarantine Speech

A

Roosevelt’s response to the Japanese invasion of China in a October
5, 1937 speech calling for quarantines of the Axis power

65
Q

Potsdam Conference

A

Final conference between Allied leaders; agreed on post-war

occupation plans for Germany and resolution of the war in the Pacific

66
Q

Pogroms

A

Massacres of Jews common in Eastern Europe that received de facto
state support; fear of many Jews in Poland after World War II

67
Q

Phoney War

A

Period of military quiet from fall 1939 to winter 1940 with most action
taking place on the naval front

68
Q

Paris Conference

A

) Post World War I peace conference; resulted in the Treaty of Versailles

69
Q

Operation Valkyrie

A

Plan of succession for Nazi government; re-formulated as an Internal
attempt to assassinate Hitler following the Normandy landings but
failed in its objectives

70
Q

Operation Uranus

A

Soviet counterattack on Stalingrad that surrounded the Sixth Army
and reclaimed the city over the course of fighting from November
1942 to February 2, 1943

71
Q

Operation U-Go

A

Japanese attack on Imphal and Kohima, Manipur in northeastern India
in March 1944

72
Q

Operation Torch

A

Allied landings at Morocco and Algeria on November 8, 1942; faced
initial Vichy resistance that an armistice with Darlan resolved; pushed
the German defenders back to the Atlas Mountains in Tunisia

73
Q

Operation Sea Lion

A

Nazi German codename for the planned but ultimately unrealized
invasion of Great Britain

74
Q

Operation Overlord

A

1944 Allied invasion of Normandy, France

75
Q

Operation Olympic

A

Planned Allied invasion of Kyushu in October 1945

76
Q

Operation Matterhorn

A

American strategic bombing campaign against Japan authorized in
October 1943

77
Q

Operation Market Garden

A

Allied offensive launched on September 17, 1944; failed to break
German hold on the Scheldt and Rhine Rivers

78
Q

Operation Iceberg

A

American invasion of Okinawa on April 1, 1945

79
Q

Operation I

A

Japanese aerial offensive in New Guinea and Guadalcanal directed by
Yamamoto in April 1943

80
Q

Operation Husky

A

Allied invasion of Sicily; start of the re-conquest of Europe

81
Q

Operation Galvanic

A

November 1943 attack on Tarawa by 2nd Marines and Makin by 27th
Infantry

82
Q

Operation Forager

A

1944 American offensive in the Marianas

83
Q

Operation Dragoon

A

August 15, 1944 invasion of France that opened a secondary front and
captured Marseille

84
Q

Operation Dracula

A

British re-invasion of Burma, seizing Rangoon in May 1945

85
Q

Operation Downfall

A

Two-part invasion of Japan planned for October 1945 (Operation
Olympic) and 1946 (Operation Coronet)

86
Q

Operation Crusader

A

British counterattack against Afrika Korps in November 1941 that
succeeded Operation Battleaxe

87
Q

Operation Coronet

A

Planned Allied invasion of Honshu; part of Operation Downfall

88
Q

Operation Cobra

A

American offensive aiming to punch through German lines in

Normandy using massive bombing raids

89
Q

Operation Citadel

A

Unsuccessful German attack on the Kursk salient from July 5 to 12
1943; ended in order to devote more resources to the defense of Italy;
involved over 1,200 tanks

90
Q

Operation Cartwheel

A

Series of 13 American offensives through New Guinea and the

Solomon Islands in 1943 as a prelude to retaking the Central Pacific

91
Q

Operation Blau

A

1942 German offensive in the Soviet Union; intended to capture the
Caucasus but diverted to attack Stalingrad under orders from Hitler

92
Q

Operation Battleaxe

A

British counterattack against the Afrika Korps in June 1941 at the
Libya-Egypt border

93
Q

Operation Barbarossa

A

German invasion of Soviet Union in 1941

94
Q

Operation Bagration

A

Major offensive by Soviet army in June 1944 launched in Belarus

95
Q

Operation Avalanche

A

Allied offensive on mainland Italy opened on September 8, 1943 with
landings near Salerno

96
Q

Nuremberg trials

A

Postwar trials of Nazi German officials

97
Q

Night of Broken Glass

A

kristallnacht

98
Q

Mukden Incident

A

Rail explosion engineered by Japanese army on September 18, 1931
that became a pretext for the invasion and conquest of Manchuria

99
Q

Moscow Conference

A

Allied conference in 1945 that planned the occupation of Japan

100
Q

Meiji Restoration

A

1868 political shift in Japan; set it on path of cautious modernization

24otigjeflbklksjglw (10 decks)

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