Which ethics are under the heading respect?
- Confidentiality
- Withdrawal
- Informed Consent
Which ethics are under the heading responsibility?
- Protection from harm
2. Debriefing
Which ethic is under the heading integrity?
Deception
What’s the last ethic?
Competance
What are the benefits of using ethical considerations?
- Good that participants are treated well and with respect
- Enhances the reputation of psychology as an academic discipline
- Researchers are more likely to get participants for future research if they are seen to be treated well
What are the drawbacks of using ethical considerations?
- Can place limitations on research
- It can reduce the authenticity of research if participants know the aim
- Sampling bias can be a problem if they are able to withdraw
What is the individual/situational debate?
If a person’s behaviour is the result of their personality or the situation they’re placed in. At the extremes it suggests that anyone placed in the same situation would act in the same way or that a person’s behaviour will be unchanging whatever situation they’re in
What are the strengths of the individual side?
- Helps us understand why people behave the way they do
2. Useful - could place people in jobs or relationships based on personality characteristics
What are the weaknesses of the individual side?
- Limited uses - if personality controls than hard to change them
- Reductionist - misses out situational factors
What are the strengths of the situational side?
- Helps to understand why people behave the way they do
2. Useful - can alter behaviour by altering the situation that creates it
What are the weaknesses of the situational side?
- Socially sensitive - could be an excuse to explain bad behaviour
- Reductionist - misses out individual factors
What is the nature/nurture debate?
If we are a product of our genetic inheritance or if we are products of our upbringings.
What are the strengths of the nature side?
- Useful - though only pointing towards genetic modifications and biological interventions
- Not ethnocentric as biological factors will affect people same way anywhere
What are the weaknesses of the nature side?
- Limited uses - may not be possible to change a person’s nature
- Reductionist - missing out nurture/social factors
- Socially sensitive - identifying a problem someone can’t change about themselves
What is the strength of the nurture side?
- Useful - suggesting we can change behavior by changing how a child is brought up
What are the weaknesses of the nurture side?
- Reductionist - missing out impact of nature
- Ethnocentric - cultures vary in how people are brought up
- Socially sensitive - children blame parents for how brought up
What is usefulness of research?
If the psychological research has practical applications to it
What are the benefits of usefulness of research?
- Can have positive practical applications
- More likely to attract attention and get research grants as it has an application
- Can improve the reputation of psychology being an academic subject
What are the drawbacks of usefulness of research?
- Research can be put to good and bad uses
- Psychologist might no do ‘pure’ research as it could be useful in the future
- Could put pressure on psychologists do break ethical guidelines to make research useful
- Researchers can’t do research out of interest
What is the reductionism - holism debate?
Centres on how we should try explaining human behaviour and how research can be conducted
What is the reductionist side of the debate?
Human behaviour explained as arising from simple processes
Research should be conducted by isolating variables one at a time to establish cause and effect
What is the holistic side of the debate?
Human behaviour should be viewed as product of different influences which interact
Research should be conducted by developing a multi - factor model or conduct a case - study which captures all influences on behaviour
What are the strengths of the reductionist side?
- more scientific
- able to draw more detailed conclusions (highly controlled)
- more replicable
What are weaknesses of the reductionist side?
- human behaviour is too complex to b reduced to single-factor explanations
- lack ecological validity
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Unit 1 - Research Methods and Techniques32
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Unit 1 - Planning and Conducting Research48
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Unit 2 - Social Classic Core Studies58
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Unit 1 - Data Recording, Analysis and Presentation44
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Unit 2 - Classic Developmental Core Studies82
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Debates50
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Unit 2 - Classic Cognitive Core Studies71
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Perspectives19
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Unit 2 - Classic Individual Differences Core Studies65
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Unit 2 - Classic Biological Core Studies63
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Unit 2 - Contemporary Developmental Core Studies77
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Areas28
