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BPT annoying facts > Deck 2 > Flashcards

Deck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Corneal ulcer - what findings?

A

Anisocoria ( unequal pupils)
Photophobia
Painful eyes on accomodation

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2
Q

Commonest cause of blindness ?

A

Age related macular degeneration (AMD)

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3
Q

Wet vs Dry AMD?

A

Wet/exudative = new blood vessels growth - sudden visual loss
Visual distortion - wavy/bent lines

Dry - Drusen detected without visual loss, slower progressive visual loss

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4
Q

Treatment for AMD?

A

Intravitreal injection - Anti-VEGF
Phototherapy with Verteporfin ( absorbed by new vessels and destroy the vessels)
Thermal laser photocoagulation

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5
Q

Which give thiamine before glucose in alcoholics?

A

If give glucose first - drives lactate acidosis

Give Thiamine first ( if not pyruvate cannot enter krebs cycle without thiamine so pyruvate change form into lactate to enter)

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6
Q

What is seen with DOWN-REGULATION of HPA axis and why?

A

Chronic fatigue symptoms - chronic neurons inflammation

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7
Q

Heat stroke common complication and risk factors

A

AKI

Risk factors
Humid air - sweat can’t evaporate
Hypotensive state - diuretics, salt restricted diet
Obese - retention of heat by adipose tissue

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8
Q

Pseudohypoglycemia mechanism of action?

A

Enhanced catecholamine release or increased sensitivity to catecholamine following food

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9
Q

Venous ulcers usually occurs where?
Arterial ulcers usually occurs where?
Neuropathic ulcers usually occurs where?

A

venous ulcer = medial/lateral malleoli
Arterial ulcer = pressure points, digits
Neuropathic ulcer = sole of foot/pressure points

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10
Q

When bandage compression therapy is contraindicated?

A

Ankle-brachial index < 0.6

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11
Q

Is oestrogen cleared by liver?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Transplant - Acute T cell mediated rejection = Tx?

A

Treat with IV Methylprednisolone then oral prednisolone, then commence immunosuppressant
ATG

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13
Q

Acute Antibody mediated rejection = Tx?

Chronic antibody mediated rejection = Tx?

A

Treat with IVIG + PLEX

Tocilizumab

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14
Q

ABO incompatibility in kidney transplant - outcome?

A

Good outcome, non-inferior to ABO compatible kidney transplant

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15
Q

Benefit of mTORI in transplant but side effects of?

A

Benefit - less SCC/BCC ( skin cancers)

Side effect - Delayed wound healing, lymphocele!

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16
Q

Highest risk of graft failures due to recurrence of?

A

IgA
FSGS
Membranous nephropathy
Fabry’s disease

17
Q

ANZ paired kidney indication?

A

ABO incompatible Donor-Recipient pair
HLA sensitization from husband
HLA - better pairing

18
Q

Donating kidney and pregnancy?

A

Higher risk of Gestational HTN/Pre-eclampsia - advise not to donate

NO increased risk with pregnancy associated renal disorders

19
Q

Why transplant more prone to get NODAT?

A 
Corticosteroids = insulin resistance
mTORI = defective insulin secretion
CNI = decrease glucose uptake by muscles - so they linger in plasma
20
Q

Occipital headache - which facet joint most affected?

Cervical, axial + referred arm pain - which facet joint most affected?

A

Occipital - C2-3

Cervical, axial + referred arm pain : C5-6

21
Q

Sarcopenia - treatment that shows benefit?

A

Testosterone - hypogonadism

Vitamin D - vitamin D deficient female

22
Q

Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) has bleeding - why?

A

Vitamin C needed to produce Collagen

23
Q

Why vaccination including Covid19 is recommended in pregnancy?

A

Pregnancy = risk factor for severe influenza

Passive immunity for fetus

24
Q

Asthma exacerbation and long term oral steroids use in pregnancy causes what?

A

Pre-term delivery, small for age gestation

Pre-eclampsia risk

25
Q

Which AED is self-inducing enzymes and what’s so special in pregnancy?

A

Carbamazepine, Phenytoin/barbitol/Topiramate

-Give oral vitamin K to reduce oxidation ( last 4 weeks of pregnancy)

26
Q

Pregnant woman - missed usual AED due to labor - what’s the next step?

A

Parenteral AED if missed it by > 12 hours

27
Q

Certain drugs like Levetiracetam and Lamotrigine needs TDM in pregnancy - why?

A

LEV = increase REnal excretion
LTG = hepatic metabolism
increased volume distribution

28
Q

Topiramate causes what birth defects?

A

Hypospadias

Cleft palate

29
Q

In pregnancy what happens to Systemic vascular resistance?

A

Reduce SVR due to peripheral vasodilatation

30
Q

Placenta produces which liver enzyme?

A

ALP

BPT annoying facts (62 decks)

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