Hematology 1

Question 1

IL6 can cause what increase in what in liver?

Answer 1

Hepcidin

Question 2

Hereditary Iron deficiency Anemia (HIDA) mutation?

Answer 2

TMPRSS6 mutation - encode for matriptase-2

Question 3

Matriptase-2 mutation - gain of function?

Answer 3

Inhibit hepcidin

Question 4

HUS - toxin pathogenesis

Answer 4

E. Coli Toxin bind to CD77 (Gb3) - endothelial apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines

Question 5

Acquired TTP epidemiology association?

Answer 5

Black, female, Age 10 - 50

Question 6

TTP has renal failure/AKI?

Answer 6

No - very rare

Question 7

ADAMTS13 function?

Answer 7

Cleave A2 domain large vWF

Question 8

Properdin stabilised what?

Answer 8

C3bBb

Question 9

Properdin deficiency results in?

Answer 9

Meningococcal sepsis

Question 10

Commonest cause of B12 (cobalamin) deficiency

Answer 10

Pernicious anemia

Question 11

B-thalassemia a/w what infections?

Answer 11

Encapsulated organism and Yersinia

-they favour iron laden tissue

Question 12

Lowest level of hepcidin found in what thalassemia?

Answer 12

Alpha Thalassemia intermedia
-high EPO drive due to hemolysis but ineffective erthyropoiesis

-not major because would be transfuse blood regularly

Question 13

Why warfarin not to be used until Platelets > 150 in HITS?

Answer 13

Warfarin decreases Protein C ( + Factor 7) - so very high pro-thrombotic state

Skin necrosis

Question 14

Alternative anti-coagulants (non-heparin) for HITS?

Answer 14

Danaparoid (Factor 10a inhibitor)

Argatroban ( Direct thrombin inhibitor)

Question 15

Which factor that thrombin doesn’t activate?

Answer 15

Factor 7

Question 16

prothrombin gene mutation?

Answer 16

G2021OA

Question 17

what is anti-thrombin III?

Answer 17

serine protease inhibitor

Question 18

what does anti-thrombin III inhibit?

Answer 18

1972 + 11 + 12

Factor
2,7,9,10,11,12

Question 19

Commonest bleeding disorder cause?

Answer 19

VWD Type 1

-superficial bleed

Question 20

what does warfarin inhibits?

Answer 20

C1972

Factor C
Factor 10,9,7,2

Question 21

Febrile NON-haemolytic anaemia commonest cause?

Answer 21

Cytokines from transfusion products

Question 22

Allergic reaction from transfusion mainly due to?

Answer 22

IgA in blood products - antibodies against them developed

Question 23

TRALI mechanism of action?

Answer 23

HLA antibodies - attack lung parenchymal

Question 24

FFP contains what?

Cryoprecipitate contains what?

Answer 24

FFP = clotting factors (10 ml/kg)

Cryoprecipitate = clotting factors -F8/9/vWF + Fibrinogen
precipitated from FFP
(0.1 unit /kg)

Question 25

Prothombinex contains what?

Answer 25

Factor 1972 ( Factor 10,9,7,2)

Question 26

ESRF - what cells seen in peripheral blood film?

Answer 26

Burr cells aka Echinocytes = thorny spiked RBC

Question 27

IDA/Thalassemia - what cells seen on peripheral blood film?

Answer 27

Target cells aka codocytes

Question 28

Cobalamin (B12) deficiency causes?

Answer 28

G2 cell arrest
Macrocytic anemia
hypersegmented neutrophils

Question 29

Highest risk factor for Venous TE?

Answer 29

Recent knee/hip surgery

Question 30

Highest risk of PE if thrombus is found in which vein?

Answer 30

internal iliac vein