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BPT annoying facts > Infectious disease 3 > Flashcards

Infectious disease 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Chikungunya virus initially replicated where?

A

Fibroblast of dermis then disseminates

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2
Q

Zika virus most infectious when?

A

first 30 days from symptoms

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3
Q

Congenital Zika syndrome features?

A

Microcephaly + Thin cerebral cortices
Macular scarring
Contractures + hypotonia

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4
Q

Dengue virus if infected - immunity last for how long?

A

2 years

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5
Q

Dengue in tropical areas vs cooler areas?

A

Aegpyti in tropical

Albopictus in cooler climate

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6
Q

How Dengue hemorrhagic shock and fever occurs?

A

Viral protein NS1 - disrupt endothelial glycocalyx so more vascular permeability

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7
Q

When to do NS1 antigen to detect dengue?

A

< day 4

day 5 = dengue serology

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8
Q

Platelet transfusion in dengue?

A

No role - cause more harm - increase length of hospitalization and recovery of platelet counts

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9
Q

When to give Dengvaxia vaccine?

A

Past hx of dengue infection if not - in naive patient - more severe dengue infection and higher rate of hospitalisation

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10
Q

How does dengue virus gain entry?

A

Fc receptor of target cells - macrophage

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11
Q

Chronic carrier of thyphoid - tx?

A

Ciprofloxacin for 4 weeks

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12
Q

MDR thyphoid definition?

A

Resistance to first 3 line abx drugs

  • Chlorampenicol
  • Ampicillin
  • Cotriomaxole
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13
Q

XDR thyphoid definition?

A

Resistance to at least 5 abx

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14
Q

Thyphoid from india or SEA - treatment?

A

Ceftriaxone or Azithromycin

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15
Q

Thyphoid from pakistan - treatment?

A

Carbapenem - bcoz resistant to ceftriaxone

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16
Q

Thick screening in Malaria purpose?

Thin screening in malaria purpose?

A

Thick - screening

Thin - species identification and quantification

17
Q

Why artesunate cause hemolytic anemia?

A

Produces ROS that kills parasite but in the process cause hemolysis

18
Q

When use Tefanoquine?

A

P. vivax/ovale but G6PD assay must be > 70%

19
Q

Commonest malaria species ?

A

P. Falciparum

20
Q

Why glandular fever - sero-conversion period in HIV?

A

CD8 kills infected CD4 cells

21
Q

What is associated with slower progression to AIDS?

A

HLAB57

22
Q

Why overtime immune system can’t beat HIV virus?

A

HIV mutant clones bind poorly to MHC I thus CD8 can’t regconise it

23
Q

Bnabs - broadly neutralizing antibodies not effective in HIV?

A

Bnabs targets glycoprotein 41/ 120 on virus

virus learns to evade by 20 weeks

24
Q

Why TAF (tenofovir) better than TDF (tenofovir)?

A

TDF rapidly absorbed in gut and excreted by kidney - so need higher dose but then causes renal toxicity

25
Q

Nevirapine causes what side effect?

A

Fatal hepatitis

26
Q

PREP : High risk factors for Transgender and MSM?

A

Last 3 months

  • Condomless anal intercourse - partner HIV +ve
  • Methamphetamine use
  • Rectal chlamydia/gonorrhea/syphilis
27
Q

PREP regimen and test?

A 
Tenofovir/Emtricitabine
Test 
UEC+ ACR - every 3 months
Syphilis/HIV serology - every 3 months
Hep C every 12 months
28
Q

PoEP : Non-occupational exposure = Known HIV
Lowest risk activity for contracting HIV
Highest risk activity for contracting HIV

-When to give PoEP and not to give PoEP?

A
  • Receptive/insertive oral intercourse - lowest
  • RAI - receptive anal intercourse - highest
  • KNOWN HIV :unknown/detectable viral load or not on treatment = oral intercourse - no need give PoEP
  • KNOWN HIV : viral load NOT DETECTABLE - no need give PoEP
  • Everything else give PoEP ( 3 drugs)
29
Q

PoEP : non-occupational exposure = Dunno if got HIV
lowest risk activity for contracting HIV?

highest risk activity for contracting HIV?

-When to give PoEP?

A
  • Needlestick injury/Receptive or oral insertive oral intercourse/ mucous membrane contact but no skin breakage = lowest
  • NO NEED PoEP
  • RAI + ejaculation
  • everything give PoEP ( 2 drugs) except mentioned above
30
Q

PoEP : occupational exposure = HIV source

when to give PoEP?

A

Give in all scenarios

Viral load KNOWN to be undetectable : 2 drugs

Unknown/high viral load/not on treatment : 3 drugs

31
Q

What is PoEP regimen?

A

start within 72 hours from exposure and therapy for 1 month

2 drugs : 2 NRTI - tenofovir + emtricitabine/Lamivudine
3 drugs : 2 NRTI + 1 INSTI drug

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