Energy flows through an ecosystem from the ______ to __________ then to __________.
Sun, producers, consumers
Another necessity to an ecosystem are _________, organisms that eat the remains of dead organisms for energy.
Decomposers
Decomposers eat the remains of dead organisms for energy and then release the nutrients of the dead organisms back into the soil (_________).
Nitrogen
_________ of decay in soil and __________ are 2 common decomposers.
Bacteria, mushrooms
In nature, feeding relationships among organisms are represented by a ________ ______, which is made of many interconnected food chains.
Food web
The energy pyramid shows that the energy at each trophic level ________; only ____% of the energy from one level passes up to the next level (90% of the energy is lost as _______ to the environment).
**study energy pyramid
Decreases, 10, heat
The biomass pyramid shows that since there is ______ energy available at each trophic level, each level supports ______ biomass (_______ tissue).
***study biomass pyramid
Less, less, living
Most biomass on Earth is ________ tissue.
Plant
The pyramid of numbers shows since there is less energy available and less biomass at each trophic level, there are _______ numbers of organisms at each level.
***study pyramid of numbers
Less
There are _______ insects than frogs on Earth.
Less
There are _______ frogs than insects on Earth.
Less
There are ______ snakes than frogs on Earth.
Less
The water cycle begins as water from clouds falls as ___________.
***study the water cycle diagram
Precipitation
After precipitation, water runs off into ______ and oceans or seeps into the ________.
Lakes, ground
After the water runs off, the water in oceans and lakes __________ and __________ into clouds.
Evaporates, condenses
After water seeps into the ground, the ground water is taken up by the _______ of plants.
Roots
After the ground water is taken up by the roots of plants, the plants lose water out of their leaves by _________, through _________ (guard cells) in the backs of leaves.
Transpiration, stomata
In the carbon and oxygen cycle, the _________ _________ of animals releases CO2, which is then used in _________ by plants to release O2. This O2 is then for cellular respiration of animals.
**study the carbon and oxygen cycle diagram
Cellular respiration, photosynthesis
All organisms require nitrogen to build proteins for _______ and ________.
Growth, repair
________ nitrogen (N2) makes of 78% of the air, but is ________ to living things.
Free, unusable
