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340 > Deep wounds > Flashcards

Deep wounds Flashcards

1
Q

infection following crushing or impact

A

patient’s own organisms entered site or devitalized skin to make infection

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2
Q

what environment does penetrating injuries create

A

environment of nectrotic tissuie and hematomas

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3
Q

nectrotic tissuie and hematomas create an ideal condition for what bacteria

A

anaerobes

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4
Q

what bacteria are seen in post surgical wounds

A

staph aureus and enteric bacilli

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5
Q

what tissue do burns cause

A

non viable devasciularized tissues

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6
Q

what bacteria do non viable devascularized tissues from burns cause

A

pseudomonas aeruginaosa

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7
Q

what causes pus and what does it consist of

A

inflammation

consists of liquid with polymorphonulcear leukocytes and the debris of dead cells and tissue elements liquified by enzymes from leukocytes

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8
Q

what bacteria is seen in peritonsillar abscess

A

fusiforms, S.pyo, S. aureus, anaerobes and respiratory organisms

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9
Q

where are MIF wound cultures most from

A

collected close to the GI tract

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10
Q

when can we call MIF

A

2+ non pathogenic coliforms

OR

enterococci and one non pathogenic coliform

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11
Q

what organisms are seen in wounds

A

staph aureus
strep pyo
enterobacteriaceae
pseudo aerug
enterococc
anaerobes

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12
Q

what can staph aureus cause

A

infections, boils, impetigo, and TSS

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13
Q

what are the normal skin flora bacteria

A

staph epi
staph hominis
dips
propionbacterium
strep mitis
micrococcus

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14
Q

what can strep pyo cause

A

pharyngitis, TSS, scarlet fever

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15
Q

what are the tests for strep pyo

A

cat -
PYR +
latex A
CAMP -
Taxos A S

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16
Q

what are the tests for pseudo aerug

A

K/K
OF - oxidative +/-
met mount motil +
Oxidase +
nitrate +
TSB 42
UV light

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17
Q

what are the tests for enterococcus faecalis

A

cat +/-
PYR +
BEA +
NaCl +

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18
Q

testing for actinomyces

A

molar tooth/ wt colony appearance
catalase -
gpb pleio

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19
Q

testing for bacteroides fragilis

A

cat+
BBEA+
KVC resistant
gncb

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20
Q

testing of prevotella

A

black convex colonies
cat -
BBEA -
brick red fluorescence
gnb

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21
Q

testing of clostridium perfringens

A

gp boxcars
cat -
rCAMP +
lecithinase + lipase -

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22
Q

testing of clostridium sordellii

A

spores
cat-
rCAMP -
lecithinase + lipase-
gpb

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23
Q

testing of clostridium sporogenes

A

spores
cat-
rCAMP -
lecithinase - lipase +
gpb

24
Q

testing of fusobacterium

A

tapered
cat -
indole +
UV - chartreuse
gnb

25
Q

testing or peptostreptococcus

A

cat-
K -R
V -S
C- R
SPS sensitive
gpc

26
Q

testing of cutibacterium

A

cat +
K- S
V -S
C- R
gpb pleo

27
Q

testing of veilonella

A

cat - V
nitrate -> nitrite
gnc sheets

28
Q

how is clostridium difficile detected

A

PCR for the toxic gene because the organism can be normal flora

29
Q

what does C difficile cause

A

collitis

30
Q

what are indications of anaerobic infections

A

smell
mucosal surface
GI
nosicomial infecgtion / MRSA
animal bites

31
Q

which anaerobes are cat +

A

bacteroidies fragillis
cutibacterium acnes

32
Q

what is the only gnc anaerobe

A

veionella

33
Q

how long of exposure of air to anaerobes can kill

A

10 mins of oxygen

34
Q

In healthy tissues what reaction kills anaerobes

A

increased redox potential

35
Q

what broths can be used to cultivate anaerobes

A

enricched thioglycollate and chopped meat

36
Q

what is most anaerobic media suplemented with

A

yeast extract
vit K
hemin

37
Q

what do all anaerobic chambers contain

A

catalyst
desiccant
5-10% hydrogen gas
5-10% CO2
90-% nitrogen
indicator

38
Q

what chemical indicators are used for anaerobes

A

methylene blue and resazurin pink becomes colourlesss

39
Q

what strict and fastidoeus biological indicators can be used for anaerobes

A

clostridium haemolyticum
clostridium novyii
fucsobacterium nucleatum
porphyromonas sp

40
Q

what aerotolerant anaerobes is there

A

clostridum perfringens

41
Q

how long are anaerobic plates incubated for

A

2-3 days without opening

42
Q

when are anaerobes most sensitive during growth

A

in their log phase

43
Q

what can be used to help gram staining

A

95% ethanol for decol
dilute carbol fuchsin instead of safrinin

44
Q

what bacteria with this issue:
gpb pleo

A

underdecol bacteroides

45
Q

what bacteria with this issue:
gnb ch

A

over decol lacto

46
Q

what bacteria with this issue:
gnc long ch

A

overdecol peptostrep

47
Q

what bacteria with this issue:
gnb dip-like

A

overdecol non spore forming gpb

48
Q

what bacteria with this issue:
gnb with spres

A

overdevol clostridum

49
Q

how does GLC work with anaerobes

A

grown in phytone-yeast extract-glucose broth and anaerobes turn glucose into pyruvate. Acids produced are ID’d by elution and chromatography

50
Q

what acids are made for GLC of anaerobes

A

short chain volitile fatty acids using acid ether
(acetic, propionic, isobutyric, formic)

nonvolatile acids using chloroform
(pyruvic, lactic, fumaric, succininc, benzoic)

51
Q

difference of lecithinase and lipase on plate

A

lecithinase - opactity in medium that surround and extends from colonies

lipase - precipiate shiny on top of colony but not extending

52
Q

what chemical is spot indol using

A

paradimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

53
Q

are anaerobes spot indole pos T/F

A

T - weak reaction

54
Q

how does reverse CAMP work and what bacteria is pos

A

**group B strep down center of anaerobic BAP

perfringens is the only positive rCAMP

55
Q

What is the nagler inhinition test

A

inhibits lecithinase growth to prove that perfringens present

56
Q

what is the nitrate reduction test

A

add reagent A+B turns red = pos (nitrATES -> nitRITES)

if neg add zinc

red w zinc = neg (no nitrites)
white w zinc = pos (reduced further)

340 (8 decks)

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