Respiratory

Question 1

what are the normal flora of the URT

Answer 1

a and non hem strep
haemophilus
strep pneumo
dips
staph sp
anaeboes
micrococcus
enterobacteraceae

Question 2

what are URT pathogens

Answer 2

Viruses

Question 3

what are the pathogens in mouth

Answer 3

candida spp
treponema
fusobacterium
strep pyo **ONLY IF WOUNDED

Question 4

what are the pathogens in the nose

Answer 4

staph aureus
strep pyo

Question 5

what is vincent angina

Answer 5

ulcer gingivostomatitis (mouth related)

Question 6

what is thrush

Answer 6

candidiasis of mouth with white patches of exudate

Question 7

what is rhinitis

Answer 7

inflamed nasal mucous membrane - viral related

Question 8

what is pathogen in the throat

Answer 8

strep pyo
diptheriae
neisseria gonorrhoaeae
C + G strep
acrano
haeophilus influenzae

Question 9

what makes up the LRT

Answer 9

larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveroli

Question 10

what are the pathogens in the LRT

Answer 10

strep pneumo
haemophilus influ
strep pyo
enterobacteraiae - mucoid strains
nocardia
bacillus anthracis
m cat
pseudo mucoids strain
steno
NFB mucoid
brucella
francisella tularensis

Question 11

what decides the Q score

Answer 11

squamous epithelial cells and PMNs

Question 12

what makes a good Q score

Answer 12

high POMN and low EPI with mucous

Question 13

what does a good q score mean

Answer 13

specimen has minimal URT contamination

Question 14

when are Q scores not needed

Answer 14

neutropenic (immunocomp) patients
2 prev rejections
ETT, auger suction speciments
3-4 RBC present
<8yrs
BCC present

Question 15

what are the two big mycobacteriums

Answer 15

m teburculosis
m leprae

Question 16

what are the mycobacteriums divided into

Answer 16

tuberculosis complex = cause human illness
non ruberculkosis = cause morbidity and chronic illness

Question 17

what does mycobacterium look like

Answer 17

varies from ccb to long slender bacilli

Question 18

what is unique about mycobacterium cell walls

Answer 18

high lipid content (mycolic acid) and impermeable to basic dyes that are used in Gram stain

Question 19

what can be used to help stain uptake in mycobacterium

Answer 19

phenol and heat

Question 20

why are mycobacteria called acid fast bacilli

Answer 20

resist decolourization with acid alcohol because of mycolic acids

Question 21

what environment does mycobacteirum grow

Answer 21

strict aerobes but some enhanced in CO2w

Question 22

Why does mycobacteria have slow growth

Answer 22

hydrophobic cell wall decreases nutrient uptake

Question 23

facts on mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 23

highly contageioous and risk in lab infection
grows slow at 37 on enriched media
naicin pos
nitrate pos
TCH (thophen2carboxylic acid) environment growth

Question 24

facts on mycobacterium bovis

Answer 24

grows at 37 on enriched media with pyruvic acid
naicin neg
nitriate neg
resistant to pyrazinamide (PZA)

Question 25

facts of mycobacterium bovis BCG

Answer 25

isolataed from vaccine sites or UTI specimens
resistant to pyrazinamide (PZA)

Question 26

temp of collection for mycobacterium

Answer 26

fridge if delay
blood culture and CSF at RT

Question 27

how to collect sputum

Answer 27

first morining on 3 days consecutive

Question 27

how to colect gastric washings

Answer 27

used within 4 hours of colection
phosphate buffer added to prevent acid breakdown of mycobacteria