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deep wounds with fungal Flashcards

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1
Q

infection following crushing or impact

A

patient’s own organisms entered site or devitalized skin to make infection

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2
Q

what environment does penetrating injuries create

A

environment of nectrotic tissuie and hematomas

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3
Q

nectrotic tissuie and hematomas create an ideal condition for what bacteria

A

anaerobes

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4
Q

what bacteria are seen in post surgical wounds

A

staph aureus and enteric bacilli

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5
Q

what tissue do burns cause

A

non viable devasciularized tissues

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6
Q

what bacteria do non viable devascularized tissues from burns cause

A

pseudomonas aeruginaosa

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7
Q

what causes pus and what does it consist of

A

inflammation

consists of liquid with polymorphonulcear leukocytes and the debris of dead cells and tissue elements liquified by enzymes from leukocytes

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8
Q

what bacteria is seen in peritonsillar abscess

A

fusiforms, S.pyo, S. aureus, anaerobes and respiratory organisms

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9
Q

where are MIF wound cultures most from

A

collected close to the GI tract

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10
Q

when can we call MIF

A

2+ non pathogenic coliforms

OR

enterococci and one non pathogenic coliform

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11
Q

what organisms are seen in wounds

A

staph aureus
strep pyo
enterobacteriaceae
pseudo aerug
enterococc
anaerobes

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12
Q

what can staph aureus cause

A

infections, boils, impetigo, and TSS

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13
Q

what are the normal skin flora bacteria

A

staph epi
staph hominis
dips
propionbacterium
strep mitis
micrococcus

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14
Q

what can strep pyo cause

A

pharyngitis, TSS, scarlet fever

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15
Q

what are the tests for strep pyo

A

cat -
PYR +
latex A
CAMP -
Taxos A S

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16
Q

what are the tests for pseudo aerug

A

K/K
OF - oxidative +/-
met mount motil +
Oxidase +
nitrate +
TSB 42
UV light

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17
Q

what are the tests for enterococcus faecalis

A

cat +/-
PYR +
BEA +
NaCl +

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18
Q

what is the nitrate reduction test

A

add reagent A+B turns red = pos (nitrATES -> nitRITES)

if neg add zinc

red w zinc = neg (no nitrites)
white w zinc = pos (reduced further)

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19
Q

what reagents are in the nitrate test

A

A = sulfanilic acid
B = α-naphthylamine

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20
Q

specimen suitability for wound swab

A

wound tissue or swab of area

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21
Q

what media is used for a wound swab

A

CAC
MAC
SAS
CAP
CNA
BAP

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22
Q

What are the normal flora in wounds

A

anaerobes
enterobacteracae
strep anginosus
b cereus
haemophilus
ent
neisseria (other than gonn)
corynebacterium (other than diptheriae)

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23
Q

what organisms consist of fungi

A

yeast
filamentous fungi
moulds
dimorphic fungi

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24
Q

colony difference between yeast and mould

A

yeast - smooth, creamy

mould - fluffy, wooly

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25
what do we use to ID yeast
direct smear chromagar germ tube MALDI TOF
26
what do we use to ID filamentous fungi
microscopic special stain culture using tape growth rate microslide culture mount
27
what do we use to ID moulds
shapes hyphae and condida shapes
28
collection of mycology specimen for tissues
sterile technique
29
collection of mycology specimen for hair, skin, nails
hair - pluck no cleaning skin - clean and scrape nail- clean, scrape to remove debris, then collect
30
SDA media use and igredient
enriched saprophytic and pathogenic fungi
31
SDA with antimicrobials use and ingredients
selective and enriched saprobes inhibited
32
BHI use and ingredients
enriched rich media for bacteria, yeast, and pathological fungi
33
BHI with antimicrobials use and ingredients
selective dermatophytes inhibited
34
mycosel use and ingredients
selective recovery of dermatophytes, inhibits bacteria and saprophytes
35
PHY, PYA use and ingredients
selective media for yeast and pathologic fungi
36
candida chromagar use and ingredients
selective and differential isolation and presumptive of yeast
37
source, mode, infection of candida spp
human flora invasion GI, nails, blood
38
source, mode, infection of cryptococcus neoformans
bird poo, soil inhalation lungs, skin, meninges
39
source, mode, infection of malassezia furfur
human flora contact skin
40
source, mode, infection of dermatophytes
human, animal, soil contact skin, hair, nails
41
source, mode, infection of aspergillus spp
ubiquitous inhalation lungs, eyes, skin, nails
42
source, mode, infection of penicillium
ubiquitous inhalaation respiratory
43
source, mode, infection of pneumocystis jirovecii
human, mammals inhalation PCP-pneumocystic pneumonia
44
source, mode, infection of blastomyces dermatitidis
soil, wood inhalation lung, skin, long bones
45
source, mode, infection of cocidiodes immitis
soil of arid regions inhalation lung, skin, meninges
46
source, mode, infection of histoplasma capsulatum
bat, bird feces inhalation bone marrow, blood
47
incubation period of fungi vs bacteria
fungi - 4 wk bacteria - 3 days
48
temp of fungi vs bacteria
fungi - 22,30, 37 degrees bacteria - 37 degrees
49
atmosphere of fungi vs bacteria
fungi- aerobic bacteria- any
50
agar depth of fungi vs bacteria
fungi - thick >6mm bacteria - 2 mm
51
method of innculation of fungi vs bacteria
fungi - single touch away from edge of plate bacteria- 4 quadrant
52
PAS stain of fungi
polysacc in cell wall is pink
53
GMS stain of fungi
black and silver outline
54
why is KOH added to hair skin and nail specimens
break down keritin and skin layers to see fungi
55
what can be added to KOH stain specimen to help ID
calcofluor white
56
when is lactophenol cotton blue used
tape and tease mounts - stains fungi blue (can be used with KOH)
57
what does calcofluor stain do
stain binds to cellulose of fungi cell wall = florsense green
58
what does india ink / nigrosin stain do
examine CSF for cryptococcus neoformans
59
what type of stain is india ink / nigrosin
negative stain
60
what is a negative stain do
large capusle is seen clearing around organism
61
yeast infection organisms
candida cryptococcus malassezia
62
superficial mycoses infection
trichophyton* microsporum* epidermophyton* malassezia candida *needs keratin
63
opportunistic mycoses
aspergillus cryptococcus penicillium candida pneumocystis
64
systemic mycoses = level 3 pathogens
coccidiodes histoplasma blastomyces
65
how is topography done on fungal
uses reverse side of plate to iew
66
what is rugose topography
sinkhole towards the center of colony
67
what is umbonate topography
button elevtaion with possible rugose
68
what is verrucose topography
wrinkled convoluted surface

340 (8 decks)

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