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340 > deep wounds with fungal > Flashcards

deep wounds with fungal Flashcards

1
Q

infection following crushing or impact

A

patient’s own organisms entered site or devitalized skin to make infection

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2
Q

what environment does penetrating injuries create

A

environment of nectrotic tissuie and hematomas

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3
Q

nectrotic tissuie and hematomas create an ideal condition for what bacteria

A

anaerobes

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4
Q

what bacteria are seen in post surgical wounds

A

staph aureus and enteric bacilli

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5
Q

what tissue do burns cause

A

non viable devasciularized tissues

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6
Q

what bacteria do non viable devascularized tissues from burns cause

A

pseudomonas aeruginaosa

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7
Q

what causes pus and what does it consist of

A

inflammation

consists of liquid with polymorphonulcear leukocytes and the debris of dead cells and tissue elements liquified by enzymes from leukocytes

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8
Q

what bacteria is seen in peritonsillar abscess

A

fusiforms, S.pyo, S. aureus, anaerobes and respiratory organisms

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9
Q

where are MIF wound cultures most from

A

collected close to the GI tract

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10
Q

when can we call MIF

A

2+ non pathogenic coliforms

OR

enterococci and one non pathogenic coliform

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11
Q

what organisms are seen in wounds

A

staph aureus
strep pyo
enterobacteriaceae
pseudo aerug
enterococc
anaerobes

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12
Q

what can staph aureus cause

A

infections, boils, impetigo, and TSS

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13
Q

what are the normal skin flora bacteria

A

staph epi
staph hominis
dips
propionbacterium
strep mitis
micrococcus

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14
Q

what can strep pyo cause

A

pharyngitis, TSS, scarlet fever

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15
Q

what are the tests for strep pyo

A

cat -
PYR +
latex A
CAMP -
Taxos A S

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16
Q

what are the tests for pseudo aerug

A

K/K
OF - oxidative +/-
met mount motil +
Oxidase +
nitrate +
TSB 42
UV light

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17
Q

what are the tests for enterococcus faecalis

A

cat +/-
PYR +
BEA +
NaCl +

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18
Q

what is the nitrate reduction test

A

add reagent A+B turns red = pos (nitrATES -> nitRITES)

if neg add zinc

red w zinc = neg (no nitrites)
white w zinc = pos (reduced further)

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19
Q

what reagents are in the nitrate test

A

A = sulfanilic acid
B = α-naphthylamine

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20
Q

specimen suitability for wound swab

A

wound tissue or swab of area

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21
Q

what media is used for a wound swab

A

CAC
MAC
SAS
CAP
CNA
BAP

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22
Q

What are the normal flora in wounds

A

anaerobes
enterobacteracae
strep anginosus
b cereus
haemophilus
ent
neisseria (other than gonn)
corynebacterium (other than diptheriae)

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23
Q

what organisms consist of fungi

A

yeast
filamentous fungi
moulds
dimorphic fungi

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24
Q

colony difference between yeast and mould

A

yeast - smooth, creamy

mould - fluffy, wooly

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25
Q

what do we use to ID yeast

A

direct smear
chromagar
germ tube
MALDI TOF

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26
Q

what do we use to ID filamentous fungi

A

microscopic special stain
culture using tape
growth rate
microslide culture mount

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27
Q

what do we use to ID moulds

A

shapes
hyphae and condida shapes

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28
Q

collection of mycology specimen for tissues

A

sterile technique

29
Q

collection of mycology specimen for hair, skin, nails

A

hair - pluck no cleaning

skin - clean and scrape

nail- clean, scrape to remove debris, then collect

30
Q

SDA media use and igredient

A

enriched

saprophytic and pathogenic fungi

31
Q

SDA with antimicrobials use and ingredients

A

selective and enriched

saprobes inhibited

32
Q

BHI use and ingredients

A

enriched

rich media for bacteria, yeast, and pathological fungi

33
Q

BHI with antimicrobials use and ingredients

A

selective

dermatophytes inhibited

34
Q

mycosel use and ingredients

A

selective

recovery of dermatophytes, inhibits bacteria and saprophytes

35
Q

PHY, PYA use and ingredients

A

selective

media for yeast and pathologic fungi

36
Q

candida chromagar use and ingredients

A

selective and differential

isolation and presumptive of yeast

37
Q

source, mode, infection of candida spp

A

human flora
invasion
GI, nails, blood

38
Q

source, mode, infection of cryptococcus neoformans

A

bird poo, soil
inhalation
lungs, skin, meninges

39
Q

source, mode, infection of malassezia furfur

A

human flora
contact
skin

40
Q

source, mode, infection of dermatophytes

A

human, animal, soil
contact
skin, hair, nails

41
Q

source, mode, infection of aspergillus spp

A

ubiquitous
inhalation
lungs, eyes, skin, nails

42
Q

source, mode, infection of penicillium

A

ubiquitous
inhalaation
respiratory

43
Q

source, mode, infection of pneumocystis jirovecii

A

human, mammals
inhalation
PCP-pneumocystic pneumonia

44
Q

source, mode, infection of blastomyces dermatitidis

A

soil, wood
inhalation
lung, skin, long bones

45
Q

source, mode, infection of cocidiodes immitis

A

soil of arid regions
inhalation
lung, skin, meninges

46
Q

source, mode, infection of histoplasma capsulatum

A

bat, bird feces
inhalation
bone marrow, blood

47
Q

incubation period of fungi vs bacteria

A

fungi - 4 wk
bacteria - 3 days

48
Q

temp of fungi vs bacteria

A

fungi - 22,30, 37 degrees
bacteria - 37 degrees

49
Q

atmosphere of fungi vs bacteria

A

fungi- aerobic
bacteria- any

50
Q

agar depth of fungi vs bacteria

A

fungi - thick >6mm
bacteria - 2 mm

51
Q

method of innculation of fungi vs bacteria

A

fungi - single touch away from edge of plate

bacteria- 4 quadrant

52
Q

PAS stain of fungi

A

polysacc in cell wall is pink

53
Q

GMS stain of fungi

A

black and silver outline

54
Q

why is KOH added to hair skin and nail specimens

A

break down keritin and skin layers to see fungi

55
Q

what can be added to KOH stain specimen to help ID

A

calcofluor white

56
Q

when is lactophenol cotton blue used

A

tape and tease mounts - stains fungi blue (can be used with KOH)

57
Q

what does calcofluor stain do

A

stain binds to cellulose of fungi cell wall = florsense green

58
Q

what does india ink / nigrosin stain do

A

examine CSF for cryptococcus neoformans

59
Q

what type of stain is india ink / nigrosin

A

negative stain

60
Q

what is a negative stain do

A

large capusle is seen clearing around organism

61
Q

yeast infection organisms

A

candida
cryptococcus
malassezia

62
Q

superficial mycoses infection

A

trichophyton*
microsporum*
epidermophyton*
malassezia
candida

*needs keratin

63
Q

opportunistic mycoses

A

aspergillus
cryptococcus
penicillium
candida
pneumocystis

64
Q

systemic mycoses = level 3 pathogens

A

coccidiodes
histoplasma
blastomyces

65
Q

how is topography done on fungal

A

uses reverse side of plate to iew

66
Q

what is rugose topography

A

sinkhole towards the center of colony

67
Q

what is umbonate topography

A

button elevtaion with possible rugose

68
Q

what is verrucose topography

A

wrinkled convoluted surface

340 (8 decks)

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