Definition & Terminologies

Question 1

the study of disease; literally, the study of (-logy) suffering (pathos)

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process

Answer 2

Pathology

Question 3

the study of the functional, biochemical and morphological alterations in cells, tissues and organs that underlie disease

Answer 3

Pathology

Question 4

The study of the basic reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlie all diseases

Answer 4

General Pathology

Question 5

the study of the specific responses of specialized organs and tissues to more or less well-defined pathologic stimuli

Answer 5

Systemic Pathology

Question 6

It is a branch of pathology directed to the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases by laboratory means. It involves the collection and examination of body fluids and interpretations of laboratory findings.

Answer 6

Clinical pathology

Question 7

Literally, the opposite of ease, or not at ease when something is wrong with a bodily function.

Answer 7

Disease

Question 8

a disorder of structure or function, especially one that produces specific clinical signs

Answer 8

Disease

Question 9

any deviation from, or interruption of, the normal structure or function of any part, organ or system of the body; which may be clinical (characteristic set of symptoms and signs) or subclinical and whose etiology, pathology and prognosis may be known or unknown.

Answer 9

Disease

Question 10

Characteristic set of symptoms and signs

Answer 10

clinical

Question 11

whose etiology, pathology and prognosis may be known or unknown

Answer 11

subclinical

Question 12

any indication of disease perceived by the patient and a term therefore not applicable to animals; in veterinary medicine we use ‘clinical signs’ = observed abnormalities of structure

Answer 12

symptom

Question 13

In veterinary medicine, instead of symptoms, it uses _________ = observed abnormalities of structure

Answer 13

‘clinical signs’

Question 14

observed abnormalities of structure in animals

Answer 14

Clinical signs

Question 15

Four aspects of a disease form the core of pathology:

Answer 15

1. Etiology
2. Pathogenesis
3. Morphologic Changes
4. Clinical significance (functional derangements)

Question 16

the cause of disease; genetic vs acquired (e.g., infectious, nutritional,
chemical, physical, etc.).

Answer 16

Etiology

Question 17

Example of etiology

Answer 17

infectious, nutritional, chemical, physical

Question 18

The mechanisms or sequence of events leading from initiation of cell or tissue injury to disease development.

Answer 18

Pathogenesis

Question 19

The structural alterations (gross or microscopic) in cells or tissues that are often characteristic of the disease.

Answer 19

Morphologic Changes

Question 20

The nature of the morphologic changes and their distribution in organs / tissues influence normal function and determine the clinical signs, course and prognosis of the disease.

Answer 20

Clinical significance (functional derangements)

Question 21

any structural (or functional) abnormality in an organ, tissue or cell

Answer 21

Lesion

Question 22

gross and microscopic changes (to include biochemical) in a cell, tissue, organ and system as a result of a disease

Answer 22

Lesion

Question 23

a wound or injury; a pathologic change in the tissues

Answer 23

Lesion

Question 24

It is a lesion or sign that is specifically distinctive or characteristic of a disease or pathological condition.

Answer 24

Pathognomonic

Question 25

It refers to any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell.

Answer 25

Injury (or injurious agents)

Question 26

anything that upsets the homeostasis of the cell

Answer 26

Injury

Question 27

Any stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism.

Answer 27

Stress

Question 28

The maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms.

Answer 28

Homeostasis

Question 29

The process through which such bodily equilibrium is maintained.

Answer 29

Homeostasis

Question 30

The sequential development of disease

Answer 30

Pathogenesis

Question 31

The step-by-step progression of disease from its onset to formation of lesion and clinical manifestation.

Answer 31

Pathogenesis

Question 32

The step-by-step progression of disease from its onset to formation of lesion and clinical manifestation.

Answer 32

Pathogenesis

Question 33

Refers to the capacity to produce a disease

Answer 33

Pathogenicity

Question 34

Refers to the degree of pathogenicity or disease producing power of the organism.

Answer 34

Virulence

Question 35

It is the expected outcome or prediction of probable result of a disease

Answer 35

Prognosis

Question 36

Postmortem examination of the body to determine the nature of pathological processes that contribute to death or disease.

Answer 36

Necropsy/Autopsy

Question 37

It is usually defined as examination of a human body.

Answer 37

Autopsy

Question 38

It is the examination of any other animal.

Answer 38

Necropsy

Question 39

It is the removal and examination of tissue from the living body to establish a precise diagnosis.

Answer 39

Biopsy

Question 40

It is concise statement or conclusion concerning the nature, cause, or name of a disease.

Answer 40

Diagnosis

Question 41

The act of deciding the nature, cause and course of a disease.

Answer 41

Diagnosis

Question 42

Types of Diagnosis

Answer 42

1. Differential diagnosis (“rule-outs) 2. Morphological diagnosis 3. Clinical diagnosis 4. Etiological diagnosis 5. Disease (Definitive) diagnosis

Question 43

A list of diagnosis that could account for the history, clinical signs or lesions in a case.

Answer 43

Differential diagnosis (“rule-outs)

Question 44

It is a diagnosis based on the predominant gross and microscopic lesion(s) in the tissue

Answer 44

Morphological diagnosis

Question 45

It may be macroscopic (gross) or microscopic (histologic) and describes the severity duration, distribution, location and nature (e.g., degenerative, inflammatory, neoplastic) of the lesion.

Answer 45

Morphological Diagnosis

Question 46

Example of Morphological Diagnosis

Answer 46

severe acute locally-extensive fibrinous bronchopneumonia

Question 47

diagnosis based on data obtained from the case history, clinical signs and physical examination

Answer 47

Clinical diagnosis

Question 48

a diagnosis that names the specific (or general) cause of the disease. (e.g., parvoviral enteritis, parasitic hepatitis)

Answer 48

Etiological diagnosis

Question 49

Example of Etiological Diagnosis

Answer 49

parvoviral enteritis parasitic hepatitis

Question 50

A specific diagnosis that states the “name of the disease”

Answer 50

Disease (Definitive) diagnosis

Question 51

A confirmatory diagnosis resulting of naming of the disease.

Answer 51

Disease (Definitive) Diagnosis

Question 52

Example of Disease (Definitive) diagnosis

Answer 52

Canine parvovirus