LECTURE 6: Immunopathology

Question 1

It primarily serves to defend the animal body against infections.

Answer 1

immune system

Question 2

These untoward responses of the immune system that result in tissue injuries are called

Answer 2

immunopathologic reactions

Question 3

the study of diseases caused by or resulting from immune mechanisms, and is
concerned primarily with untoward consequences of immune reactions

Answer 3

immunopathology

Question 4

Components of the Immune System
The immune system consists of the ff:

Answer 4

effector cells
AND
substances that provide protection to an individual following antigenic challenge

Question 5

responses of the immune system

Answer 5

HUMORAL RESPONSE
CELLULAR RESPONSE

Question 6

mediated largely by antibodies and other effector substances such as complement

Answer 6

humoral response

Question 7

humoral response mediated largely by antibodies and other effector substances such as what?

Answer 7

complement

Question 8

mediated by sensitized lymphocytes and cells of the reticulo-endothelial system

Answer 8

cellular response

Question 9

cellular response is mediated by what?

Answer 9

sensitized lymphocytes
AND
cells of the reticulo-endothelial system

Question 10

These responses are initiated whenever immune cells encounter antigens.

Answer 10

Humoral response and Cellular response

Question 11

Humoral responses and Cellular responses are initiated whenever immune cells encounter what?

Answer 11

antigens

Question 12

also known as immunogens

Answer 12

Antigens

Question 13

are macromolecules that are either
natural or synthetic in origin that are capable of inducing immune response

Answer 13

Antigens

Question 14

They are usually microbial or foreign proteins or polysaccharide

Answer 14

Antigens

Question 15

are simple molecules that bind to preformed antibodies or sensitized immune cells and can induce an immune response when coupled to a carrier protein

Answer 15

Haptens

Question 16

antigen presenting cells (APC)

Answer 16

macrophages
AND
dendritic cells

Question 17

Following exposure to a particular antigen, these cells process the antigen and present the
same to B lymphocytes

Answer 17

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS (APC)
usually, MACROPHAGES and DENDRITIC CELLS

Question 18

are specific clones of white blood cell lymphocytes produced in the bone marrow

Answer 18

B-lymphocytes or B-cells

Question 19

B-lymphocytes or B-cells are produced where?

Answer 19

BONE MARROW

Question 20

another lymphocyte clone subpopulation

Answer 20

T-lymphocytes

Question 21

It synthesizes the antibody

Answer 21

plasma cells

Question 22

five kinds of antibody molecules

Answer 22

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

Question 23

These antibody molecules have their greatest concentration in the plasma

Answer 23

IgG and IgM

Question 24

These antibody molecules are found on mucosal surfaces and body secretions.

Answer 24

IgA and IgD

Question 25

An antibody molecules that is usually surface bound to specific cells such as basophils and mast cells.

Answer 25

IgE

Question 26

IgE is usually surface bound to specific cells such as what?

Answer 26

BASOPHILS and MAST CELLS

Question 27

An antibody molecule is consists of what?

Answer 27

TWO IDENTICAL HEAVY CHAINS OF AMINO ACIDS and TWO IDENTICAL LIGHT CHAINS

Question 28

An antibody molecule consists of two identical heavy chains of amino acids and two identical light chains chemically linked by what?

Answer 28

disulfide bonds

Question 29

An antibody molecule consists of two identical heavy chains of amino acids and two identical light chains chemically linked by disulfide bonds in what configuration?

Answer 29

Y-configuration

Question 30

Enzyme studies showed that there are how many fragments?

Answer 30

two fragments

Question 31

Enzyme studies showed that there are two fragments labeled what?

Answer 31

Fab & Fc

Question 32

two fragments labeled ______ contain the antigen binding sites

Answer 32

Fab

Question 33

It contains receptors for complement and effector cells.

Answer 33

Fc

Question 34

Fab contains what?

Answer 34

Antigen Binding Site

Question 35

Fc contains what?

Answer 35

receptors for Complement and Effector Cells

Question 36

The ___________ at the Fab fragments bind specifically and selectively to the determinants of the antigen molecule that initiated the production of the antibody.

Answer 36

antigen-binding site

Question 37

It provide some sort of scaffold where effector cells and substances of the immune system, in particular complement can come in close contact with the antigen for the expression of their biological functions

Answer 37

Fc fragment

Question 38

It is a major humoral component of innate immunity and a mediator of inflammation normally present in the plasma in inactive form that are activated to mediate or amplify the reaction.

Answer 38

Complement

Question 39

This reponse of the immune system is mediated largely by sensitized lymphocytes.

Answer 39

cellular response

Question 40

Two types of lymphocytes

Answer 40

B-lymphocytes T-lymphocytes

Question 41

largely produce the antibodies

Answer 41

B-lymphocytes

Question 42

mediate cellular reactivity

Answer 42

T-lymphocytes

Question 43

T-lymphocytes also known as what?

Answer 43

T-cells

Question 44

are by no means a homogenous population like the B-cells

Answer 44

T-lymphocytes or T-cells

Question 45

They consist of subclasses or sets of lymphocytes with different and seemingly opposing functions

Answer 45

T-lymphocytes or T-cells

Question 46

functional classes of T-cells

Answer 46

HELPER/INDUCER T-CELLS CYTOTOXIC/SUPPRESSOR T-CELLS

Question 47

Activated T cells secrete what?

Answer 47

INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2 or T cell growth factor)

Question 48

It stimulates the production of IL-2 receptors and the proliferation of T cells.

Answer 48

INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2 or T cell growth factor)

Question 49

The helper T cells also secrete what?

Answer 49

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 (B cell growth factors)

Question 50

It promotes the proliferation and maturation of B cells.

Answer 50

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 (B cell growth factors)

Question 51

B cell growth factors

Answer 51

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6

Question 52

T cell growth factor

Answer 52

IL-2

Question 53

The cellular response of the immune system is mediated largely by what?

Answer 53

SENSITIZED LYMPHOCYTES