Definitions #1 Flashcards Preview

Question 1

1

Dengue

Answer

most common arbovirus that is usually non-fatal and is transmitted by day biting Aedes mosquitoes

Question 2

2

How many annual cases of Dengue?

Answer

approx. 100million

Question 3

3

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

Answer

more serious form of dengue viral infection that causes bleeding under the skin, frequent vomiting and abdominal pain

Question 4

4

Antibody-dependent enhancement

Answer

antibodies against one dengue serotype lead to a more severe reinfection or infection of a different serotype (complicated vaccine creation)

Question 5

5

Symptoms of dengue

Answer

Fever, arthralgia, rash (FAR), severe flu-like symptoms

Question 6

6

Dengue is transmitted by...

Answer

Aedes aegypti + Ae. albopictus
~ anthropophilic

Question 7

7

Malaria

Answer

illness caused by Plamodium parasite and is transmitted by night biting female Anopheles mosquitoes

Question 8

8

How many annual cases of Malaria?

Answer

approx. 250million

Question 9

9

Malaria is transmitted by...

Answer

Anopheles gambiae + An. arabiensis
~ endophilic
~ anthropophilic

Question 10

10

Endophilic

Answer

bite indoors

Question 11

11

Anthropophilic

Answer

human biting

Question 12

12

Name the two main types of Plasmodium that cause Malaria.

Answer

P. falciparum --> 50% cases, almost all deaths
P. vivax --> 43% cases

Question 13

13

Arbovirus

Answer

arthropod-borne viruses that are biologically transmitted and replicate in the vector

Question 14

14

Wolbachia

Answer

naturally occurring bacteria found in fruit flies that decrease dengue viral population and transmission in infected flies

Question 15

15

wMel

Answer

Wolbachia strain that inhibits DENV (Dengue) in Aedes + has low fitness cost so easier to introduce

Question 16

16

Hoffmann et al.

Answer

(2011)
Wolbachia spread through population w/ no current resistance

Question 17

17

RIDL

Answer

a.k.a. release of male insects carrying dominant lethal gene
late-acting lethal line OX513A used

Question 18

18

SIT

Answer

a.k.a. sterile insect technique
irradiating flies w/ gamma rays to make them sterile + allow them to compete with indigenous males

Question 19

19

Bio-insecticide

Answer

bacteria that produce Cry + Cyt pore-forming toxins that lyse larval midgut epithelial cells
e.g. Bti = Bacillus thuringensis

Question 20

20

Name the predacious mosquito larvae.

Answer

Toxorhynchites

Question 21

21

Homing endonuclease genes

Answer

genetic elements that spread by cleaving chrom.s that don't contain them and then getting copied to the broken chromo as a byproduct of the repair process
(used on X chromo to make all offspring male)

Question 22

22

Paratransgenesis

Answer

symbiotic bacteria are genetically modified and reintroduced in mosquitoes, where they express effector molecules (used to block/reduce parasite transmission)

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