Definitions #1 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Dengue
most common arbovirus that is usually non-fatal and is transmitted by day biting Aedes mosquitoes
How many annual cases of Dengue?
approx. 100million
Dengue hemorrhagic fever
more serious form of dengue viral infection that causes bleeding under the skin, frequent vomiting and abdominal pain
Antibody-dependent enhancement
antibodies against one dengue serotype lead to a more severe reinfection or infection of a different serotype (complicated vaccine creation)
Symptoms of dengue
Fever, arthralgia, rash (FAR), severe flu-like symptoms
Dengue is transmitted by…
Aedes aegypti + Ae. albopictus
~ anthropophilic
Malaria
illness caused by Plamodium parasite and is transmitted by night biting female Anopheles mosquitoes
How many annual cases of Malaria?
approx. 250million
Malaria is transmitted by…
Anopheles gambiae + An. arabiensis
~ endophilic
~ anthropophilic
Endophilic
bite indoors
Anthropophilic
human biting
Name the two main types of Plasmodium that cause Malaria.
P. falciparum –> 50% cases, almost all deaths
P. vivax –> 43% cases
Arbovirus
arthropod-borne viruses that are biologically transmitted and replicate in the vector
Wolbachia
naturally occurring bacteria found in fruit flies that decrease dengue viral population and transmission in infected flies
wMel
Wolbachia strain that inhibits DENV (Dengue) in Aedes + has low fitness cost so easier to introduce
Hoffmann et al.
(2011)
Wolbachia spread through population w/ no current resistance
RIDL
a.k.a. release of male insects carrying dominant lethal gene
late-acting lethal line OX513A used
SIT
a.k.a. sterile insect technique
irradiating flies w/ gamma rays to make them sterile + allow them to compete with indigenous males
Bio-insecticide
bacteria that produce Cry + Cyt pore-forming toxins that lyse larval midgut epithelial cells
e.g. Bti = Bacillus thuringensis
Name the predacious mosquito larvae.
Toxorhynchites
Homing endonuclease genes
genetic elements that spread by cleaving chrom.s that don’t contain them and then getting copied to the broken chromo as a byproduct of the repair process
(used on X chromo to make all offspring male)
Paratransgenesis
symbiotic bacteria are genetically modified and reintroduced in mosquitoes, where they express effector molecules (used to block/reduce parasite transmission)
