Flashcards in Definitions #2 Deck (20)
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1
TB
chronic disease caused by airborne Mycrobacterium tuberculosis
2
HIV
a retrovirus that invades and inactivates T-cells + causes AIDS
3
HIV-1
most prevalent HIV subtype, major aerological agent of AIDS
4
HIV-2
less virulent than HIV-1 but still causes AIDS
5
AIDS
the last stage of HIV, when the immune system is too weak to fight infection so they develop certain defining symptoms and illnesses
e.g. recurrent Pneumonia
6
Is there a TB vaccine?
Yes: Bacille Calmette Guerin
7
ART is more successful if...
... it is started before CD4 count falls below 350 cells/mm^3 of blood (WHO recommended threshold)
8
The global fund
a partnership organisation designed to accelerate the end of AIDS, TB + Malaria epidemics
9
Filarial diseases
group of tropical diseases caused by parasitic round worms (nematodes) and their larvae
10
Onchocerciasis
a.k.a. river blindness
main filarial disease + is transmitted by black flies
11
Lymphatic filariasis
main filial disease that has two types:
1) Bancroftian filariasis
2) Brugian filariasis
12
List the NTD covered on this course. (6)
~ Lymphatic filariasis
~ Onchocerciasis
~ Dengue fever
~ Schistosomiasis
~ Leishmaniasis
~ Chagas disease
13
Bancroftian filariasis
common in urban areas + transmitted by *Culex*, Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes
14
Brugian filariasis
rural disease mainly transmitted by Manosonia mosquitoes
15
Why are tropical diseases no longer tropical?
~ global movement of pathogens through human travel
~ climate change
~ human encroachment of natural habitats
16
Name the big three.
BACTERIA: Tuberculosis (airborne)
VIRUS: HIV - sexual transmission
PROTOZOAN: Malaria - vector borne
17
Neglected tropical diseases
Diseases related to poverty and largely absent from the global public health agenda
18
What is the importance of NTDs?
~ Individually there isn't much but together (e.g. a group of 13) there is as DALYs = 56.6 million
~ poorest people suffer, they can't afford treatment so not much money in it so not much research done
19
What is the DALYs of Maleria?
46.5mil
20
