Definitions

Question 1

Lung Compliance

Answer 1

The change in lung volume per unit change in trans pulmonary pressure

Question 2

Heat

Answer 2

The form of energy that passes between two substances due to their difference in temperature

Question 3

Temperature

Answer 3

The property of a substance that will determine whether it loses or receives heat from another substance

Question 4

Critical Temperature

Answer 4

The temperature above which a vapour cannot be liquified regardless of pressure

Question 5

Critical Pressure

Answer 5

The pressure required to liquify a gas at its critical temperature

Question 6

Latent Heat

Answer 6

The energy required to change the state of a substance without raising its temperature

Question 7

Absolute Humidity

Answer 7

The mass of water vapour per unit volume of gas at a given temperature and pressure

Question 8

Relative Humidity

Answer 8

The mass of water vapour present in a given volume of air compared to the mass required to saturate the same volume at the same temperature

Question 9

Flow

Answer 9

The quantity of fluid passing a point per unit time

Question 10

Bernoulli’s Principle

Answer 10

An increase in velocity of an ideal fluid undergoing laminar flow is accompanied by a simultaneous reduction in its pressure

Question 11

Coanda Effect

Answer 11

A stream of fluid flowing close to a convex surface follows the line of the surface, rather than its original course

Question 12

Venturi Principle

Answer 12

When a fluid flows through a constriction within a tube there is a consequent reduction in pressure which can be used to entrain a second fluid into the main fluid flow

Question 13

Osmolality

Answer 13

The number of active osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent

Question 14

Osmolarity

Answer 14

The number of active osmoles of solute per litre of solution

Question 15

Hypoxia

Answer 15

The inadequate oxygen supply or the inability to use oxygen at a cellular level.

Question 16

Dead space (respiratory)

Answer 16

Respiratory dead space is the volume of inspired gas that does not take part in gas exchange. (Anatomical and alveolar. Phyiological = anatomical + alveolar)

Question 17

Bainbridge Reflex

Answer 17

A rapid increase in venous return to the right atrium leads to a tachycardia

Question 18

Bezold-Jarisch reflex

Answer 18

AKA vasovagal syncope
Reduced venous return to the heart leads to activation of left ventricle chemo- and baroreceptors leads to unopposed parasympathetic tone
Bradycardia, Vasodilation and hypotension

Question 19

Nausea

Answer 19

the sensation of the need to vomit

Question 20

Vomiting

Answer 20

the involuntary, forceful expulsion of gastric contents via the mouth

Question 21

Acid/ strong acid

Answer 21

proton donor/ fully dissociates in solution

Question 22

Base

Answer 22

proton acceptor or hydroxide producer

Question 23

pKa

Answer 23

the pH of an acid at which it is 50% dissociated

Question 24

Buffer

Answer 24

An acid-base buffer solution resists a change of pH when an acid or base is added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base.

Question 25

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Answer 25

A unit of measure of kidney excretory function.
The volume of plasma cleared of an ideal substance per unit time/ the volume of plasma filtered at the glomerulus per unit time.

Question 26

Filtration fraction

Answer 26

The ratio of GFR to Renal Plasma Flow

Question 27

Osmosis

Answer 27

The diffusion of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a dilute to a concentrated solution

Question 28

Osmotic pressure

Answer 28

the pressure required to prevent solvent migration by osmosis across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 29

Portal Circulation

Answer 29

Blood from a capillary bed of one organ structure drains into the capillary bed of another organ through a larger vessel (usually a vein).