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definitions Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

semantics

A

the study of the ways in which linguistic expressions have meaning

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2
Q

meaning

A

the mental representations in the mind conveyed through linguistic expressionss

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3
Q

icon

A

a sign that is associated with what it represents by means of a similarity relationship

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4
Q

index

A

a sign that is closely associated with its signified, often in a causal relationship

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5
Q

symbol

A

conventionalised object used to refer to something

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6
Q

sound symbolism

A

arbitrary correspondences between certain sounds and certain meanings

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7
Q

onomatopoeia

A

a resemblance relationship between sound and meaning which involves the linguistic mimicking of non-linguistic sounds.

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8
Q

phonesthesia

A

a resemblance relationship between sound and meaning when the sound of a word reminds us of the action or object

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9
Q

phonesthemes

A

a resemblance relationship between sound and meaning involving the random association of sound groupings with meaning

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10
Q

morphemes

A

minimal meaning bearing units

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11
Q

derivational morphemes

A

minimal unit bearing units that change the category of a word and change the word’s meaning

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12
Q

inflectional morphemes

A

minimal meaning bearing units that alter the meaning of a word without changing the lexical category

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13
Q

open class words

A

lexical items that have no clear limitations to the meaning they can express

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14
Q

closed class words

A

lexical items that behave like morphemes

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15
Q

idiom

A

non-compositional phrase whose overall meaning is different to the combined meaning of the individual constituents

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16
Q

collocations

A

words that tend to appear together, with one meaning being specified by the other word

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17
Q

content words

A

main carriers of information in a sentence

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18
Q

function words

A

represent items from a limited choice of expressions of the same kind

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19
Q

referent

A

the entity referred to by an expression

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20
Q

expression meaning

A

the level of meaning involving the meaning of words, phrases and sentences taken out of contextu

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21
Q

utterance meaning

A

the level of meaning involving meaning of words, phrases and sentence in a particular context which relies on truth factors

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22
Q

communicative meaning

A

the level of meaning involving how the meaning of an utterance is interpreted

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23
Q

referent

A

the thing in the world that a linguistic expression denotes or stands for

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24
Q

referring expressions

Study These Flashcards
A

linguistic expressions that denote or stand for real world objects or events

25
names
labels for people, places and objects
26
deictic expressions
linguistic expressions that point to a referent without meaning
27
sense
the mind's idea with the word removed. an extension beyond reference
28
conceptual theory of meaning
the theory that states that the meaning of words are the concepts that form in the mind
29
concepts
mental, psychological entities that contain the essential, defining properties.
30
conceptual items
lexical items that activate mental concepts
31
procedural items
lexical items that cannot refer and lack concepts. they encode procedures
32
determiners
procedural items that specify the reference of nouns
33
proforms
procedural items that deictic and stand in for other linguistic elements
34
conjunctions
procedural items that signal various relations including cause-effect, sequentiality and opposition
35
prepositions
procedural items that signal various relations including spatial and temporal
36
interjections
lexical items that are halfway between conceptual and procedural. involuntary and symptomatic signals that lack referent but express
37
nouns
lexical items that can refer but need not to do so, they denote living or lifeless, time-stablility or fleeting, property or characteristic
38
count nouns
lexical items belonging to the word category that denotes objects or events that are discrete units with the ability to be counted
39
mass nouns
lexical items belonging to the word category noun which cannot be counted
40
adjectives
lexical items which denote property or characteristic of objects, persons or things
41
verbs
the part of speech that predicates, attributing a property to a referent
42
tense
a morphosyntactic feature marking the differences in the temporal location of events
43
aspect
the way of presenting time within the event itself, how the internal temporal constituency of an event is viewed
44
aktionsart
aspectual properties of events denoted by verbs
45
adverbs
lexical items which indicate how an action denoted by a verb is performed or modify the quality denoted by an adjective
46
monosemy
a meaning relation in which a word has a single meaning
47
polysemy
a meaning relation in which a single phonological form possesses several conceptually related meanings
48
homonymy
a meaning relation in which a single phonological form has various unrelated meanings
49
synonymy
a semantic relation in which lexical items share the same meaning
50
antonymy
a semantic relation involving oppositeness
51
meronymy
a semantic relation between a part and a whole, a relation of part to a whole
52
hyponymy and hyperonymy
a semantic relation involving a kind/type/sort of relation that forms a hierarchal structure
53
taxonomy
hyponymic hierarchies of names.
54
associative relations
meaning relations in which the real units of meaning are not isolated but combinations of words
55
collocations
an associative relation in which meaning arises from the combination of words that tend to appear together
56
colligations
an associative relation involving co-occurrence tendencies among word classes where classes tend to prefer or avoid certain grammatical categories
57
semantic preference
an associative relation involving co-occurrence tendencies based on meaning
58
semantic prosody
an associative relation involving combination of words due to shared connotation

Semantics (4 decks)

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