1
Q
Def signal conditioner
A
Converts 1 type of electronic signal to another ie ma to v
2
Q
Def galvanic isolation :
A
No direct contact between feild and control ccts
3
Q
A sldc is ?
SAC?
A
Single loop digital controller
Stand alone controller
4
Q
Def : Accuracy
A
How close the measured value is to the true quantity of whats being masured
5
Q
Def : Repeatability
A
Closeness of agreement among several consecutive measuments under same operating conditions
6
Q
Radioactivity or Radioactive decay
A
When an unstable isotope releases particles and energy as it decays to a more stable form
7
Q
Radiation: ALARA
A
As low as reasonably achievable
8
Q
Ullage
A
Amount of empty space at the top of a vessel
9
Q
Radar: beam angle?
A
Angle that microwave energy is reduced to 50%
10
Q
Prover ( a flow meter must be proved)
A
A device that determines the volume or mass of a sample fluid that passed through a Flowmeter. For traceability
11
Q
Polarization for magnetic flow meters?
A
A layer of gas around the measuring electrodes which affects the signal reading
12
Q
A wetted transducer is
A
In direct contact with the process fluid
13
Q
Air or gass entrainment
A
When air or gas bubbles collect in the flow meter flow tube
14
Q
This is ?
Measured in
A
Mass flow
Mass units / time
15
Q
This is ?
Measured in?
A
Volumetric flow
Volume units / time
16
Q
EFM (flow)
As in EFM device
A
Electronic flow measurement
17
Q
Def: meter factor
A
Correction factor derived from proving the meter
18
Q
Def : live oil
A
Oil contains live gas ie from a well
19
Q
Def : shrinkage factor ( live oil)
A
Live oil reduction in volume due to volitile components evaporation
20
Q
Def: valence electrons
A
In the highest level. Have highest energies and furthest from the nucleus
21
Q
Def : organic compounds
A
Contain carbon bonded to hydrogen + other elements
22
Q
Def : inorganic compounds
A
Do not have carbon to hydrogen bonds
23
Q
Def : ionic bonds
A
Hold ionic compounds together : join metals and non metals
24
Q
Def : covalent bonds
A
Hold covalent compounds together (non metals joined)
25
Def : oxidation #
The number in the top right
26
Def : monoatomic elements
Single elements
27
Def : polyatomic elements
Contains multiple elements with a charge across the group
28
Def binary ionic compounds
Contains 2 types of elements
- 1 metal cation
- 1 non metal anion
29
Def tertiary ionic compounds
3+ types of compounds either:
- 2 metal cations an 1 non metal anion
- 2 non metal anions and 1 metal cation
30
Def acids
Water solutions that contain hydrogen cations ( H1+)
31
Def bases
Compounds that contain polyatomic anion hydroxide
OH 1-
32
Def oxides
Contain an oxide O2- anion
33
Def salt
Ionic compounds that are not oxides, bases or acids
34
Def mole (mol)
A specific # of particles
35
Def avigadros #
36
These are
37
Def stoichiomitry
CALCULATION of a chemical reactions reactant or product mass
38
Def solute
Dissolves into a solvent in a solution. Ex air : 78% N2 , 21% O2 , therefore oxygen is the solute
39
Def concentration
Amount of solute dissolved in the solvent
40
Def quantitive concentration measurement
Half # and units associated with them
41
Def partial pressures
Pressure of individual components added together for total Pressure ( partial and total pressure units must be in absolute pressure units ie kpaa or psia)
42
Def molarity units
Measure concentration of solutes in a solution
43
Def combination reaction
2 or more substances combine to form a single substance
44
Def decomposition reactions
A single substance produces 2 or more new substances
45
buffer solution
mixtures of 2 or more substances dissolved in water that resist changes in pH when you add small amounts of acids or bases to them
46
def : desalinization
removing salts from water to make it drinkable by humans
47
def: SCU
Sample conditioning unit
48
Def : transfer functions
49
Def : Laplace equation
50
Def: static gain
defines how the output changed due to an input after steady state is reached
51
def time constant of integration :
the time it takes the output to repeat the same % as the input
52
def : control variable response
-specified decay ratio
- minimum integral of absolute error
- 0 overshoot or 1st order response
53
def: specified decay ratio
- how quickly the amplitude of oscillations decrease
amplitude 2nd peak/ amplitude of 1st
54
minimum integral of absolute error
55
zero over shoot
1st order response that doesn't over or undershoot its final steady state value
56
robustness
the ability of a loop to remain stable when process changes
57
Def : isotope
Same element different # of neutrons
58
Def : oxidation ( chemistry)
1 substance loses electrons to another
59
def :aliasing (ADC)
the sampling effect that changes the input frequency to another frequency because of the conversion process
60
Def ringing (ultrasonic)
When the process enters the minimum measurement distance which stops the transmitter from functioning.
Too damn close
61
Closed loop
Def : dampened
Oscillations decrease in amplitude returning to steady state
62
Def AFR
Air to Fuel Ratio
63
The afr ratio here tells you what
How many cubic meters of air must be burned with 1 cubic meter of each substance to get the theoretical amount required for complete combustion
64
Def : signal conditioner
Converts one type of electronic signal to another type of signal
65
Def : galvanic isolation
No direct contact between feild and control ccts.
66
Def : integral absolute error
Total accumulated error during an upset
67
Def : zero overshoot
Does not over or under its final steady state value
68
Def : critically dampened response
The fastest response without overshoot
69
Def : gain margin
How much control loop gain can change before becoming unstable
70
Def : endothermic
The products have more energy than the reactants
71
Def : exothermic
The products have less energy than the reactants
72
def (chem): oxidation
a chemical change that results in a loss of electrons
73
def(chem): reduction
a chemical change that results in a gain of electrons
74
Def : transmitter characterization memory
Stores info that is generic ( ex: rtd tables to calc temp) or specific ( ex: sensor operational characteristics) to yhe transmitter
75
Def : transmitter configuration memory
Application specific info, usually programmed or configured at set up
76
Def : sensor trim (smart instruments)
Adjustments to the internal interpretation of the signal
77
What is zero sensor trim used fot
- Compensates for mounting effects or zero shifts
- Common on smart differential pressure transmitters
78
def : protocol (smart transmitters)
the signals , methods and rules that control a communications system
79
Def : hydrocarbons
Compounds with only hydrogen and carbon
80
Def : heteroatoms
Atoms other than hydrogen and carbon
81
Def : hydrocarbon derivatives
Carbon compounds that contain heteroatoms
82
Def : alkanes Saturated?
Saturated hydrocarbons with only 1 c-c bond
Saturated
83
Def : alkene
Saturated?
Have 2 double c-c bonds
Unsaturated
84
Def: alkyne
Saturated?
1 or more triple c-c bonds
Not saturated
85
Def : isomers
Compounds that have the same # and kinds of atoms but differ in thier arrangements
86
Def: aromatic or polyaromatic hydrocarbons
Rings of carbon atoms that alternate single and double bonds
87
Def: final boiling point in the lab
The max vapor temp after all sample vaporizes
88
Def: initial boiling point in the lab
The vapor temp when the 1st drop of condensate appears
89
Def : volatility (liquid)
Tendency to form vapor
90
Def : K factor ( turbine flow meters)
The pulses per gal/liter
91
def : low flow cut off
flow meter stops working below this flow rate
92
Def : doppler effect
The shifting of frequency when wave are emitted or reflected by a moving object
93
Def : Pu
Peak to peak (sin wave) time
94
def : metals physical properties
can be touched and measured
95
def metals mechanical properties
relate to how it reats to loading
96
what mechanical property describes how a metal reacts to shock and impact loading?
toughness
97
what element has the biggest effect on strength of steel
carbon
98
when alloyed with carbon (approaching 4%) what happens to the melting temp?
goes down
99
(metallurgy) what operation reduces electrical conductivity of steel?
cold working
100
def :allotropic (iron)
goes from BCC to FCC back to BCC when heated and cooled
101
Def PD as in pd flow meter
Positive displacement
102
Def : auctioneering
Multiple measurements of a single variable at different locations
103
Def : triple point ( degrees)
- exists in all 3 states
.- .01 degrees science
104
Def : turn down ratio
Ratio of max flow rate to min flow rate that a meter can measure. Ex: 50:1. A meter can measure down to 1/50 of its max
105
Def kPaa
Kilo Pascal absolute
106
Def : dewpoint
Temp at which condensation starts
107
Analog I/O
Def : bandwidth?
Highest frequency that the card can read
108
Def: underdamped
Oscillates over and under shoots the final steady state value ex quarter amplitude decay
109
Def: critically overdamped
Fastest response without overshoot
110
Def : phase margin
A type of robustness where process won't become unstable due to phase angle. Set below 180 degrees
111
Def : shear stress in flow
Amount of force per area required to maintain a change in velocity across a pipe
112
Def : CLTC
113
Time constant %?
63.2
114
Control loop type : FODT?
First Order Dead Time
Aka multicapacity
115
Reproducibility def
Closeness of agreement between Several consecutive measurements under same conditions from both directions
116
A detector aka a ____
Sensor
117
Def : radiant energy
All forms of light ( IR/ultraviolet/visible)
118
Def : calibration interaction
A change in zero due to adjusting span and vice versa
119
Def : bias setting
A manual setting to eliminate offset at normal (0 error) conditions
120
Def : distortion coefficient (Dc)
The ratio of the pressure drop across the valve ÷ by pressure drop for the system.
121
Def primary standard
Does not require calibration, such as something based off physical laws
122
Bias setting
Controller output when error is 0. Manually set to eliminate offset
123
For flow Dc stands for:
Discharge coefficient
124
Def : Rich amine
Full of H2s and CO2
125
Def : vapor pressure
The amount of pressure the vapor would exert over liquid water in a closed container
126
Def : hygroscopic
Attract and absorb water
127
What principle does a wet/dry bulb moisture analyzer work on,?
Evaporation goes up so cooling effect goes up
128
Using a psychometric chart how do you find RH, and dew point if you know dry bulb and wet bulb ?
129
Def: end point ph:
Ph value of a neutralized liquid
130
Def : manipulated variable
The thing you alter to affect the controlled variable
131
Def : liquid analyzers
Instruments that analyze processes that use water as thier major component
132
Def redundancy
Multiple measurements of the same variable to protect against transmitter failure
133
Def override control
2 controllers control 1 process. Usually " controller a" , but under certain circumstances " controller b " takes over
134
Def limit control
Limits a controllers response with a high or low limit value
135
Def variable system structuring
Uses selectors to restructure a control system to optimize resources
3rd Year Instrumentation
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