definitions from bk chapter 15

Question 1

Etiology:

Answer 1

cause of a disorder.

Question 2

Psychiatry:

Answer 2

a branch of medicine that treats mental and behavioral conditions.

Question 3

Counseling psychologist:

Answer 3

a mental health professional who helps ppl experiencing difficulty adjusting to life stressors to achieve greater well-being.

Question 4

Clinical psychologist:

Answer 4

a mental health practitioner who researches, evaluates, and treats psychological conditions.

Question 5

Scientist-practitioner model:

aka Boulder model::

Answer 5

aka Boulder model:: a balance program in which psychologist learn about clinical skills as well as research skills.

Question 6

Practitioner-scholar model

: aka Vail model::

Answer 6

a program in which psychologist emphasize clinical training over generating n research in order to understand, synthesize, and apps existing research.

Question 7

Clinical research model:

Answer 7

a type of psychology program that emphasizes clinical psychology research over direct work with clients.

Question 8

Psychopharmacology:

Answer 8

treatment of psychological conditions using medication. .

Question 9

Outpatient:

Answer 9

treatment settings that are outside of a hospital.

Question 10

deinstitutionalization:

Answer 10

the process of replacing inpatient psychiatric care with community outpatient services.

Question 11

Insight:

Answer 11

an understanding if the motivation of behavior.

Question 12

Insight therapies:

Answer 12

a family of psychotherapies that focus on the unconscious motivations of behavior.

Question 13

Psychodynamic therapies:

Answer 13

a family of psychotherapies that have at their cod the exploration of intrapsychic conflicts and the role of insight to bring about therapeutic change.

Question 14

Free association:

Answer 14

a psychoanalytic therapy technique that reveals intrapsychic conflicts by interpreting spontaneous responses to given words.

Question 15

Dream analysis:

Answer 15

a psychoanalytic technique that reveals intrapsychic conflicts through interpretations of dreams.

Question 16

Manifest content:

Answer 16

in the psychoanalytic theory the dream. As the dreamer reports it.

Question 17

Interpretations:

Answer 17

a psychoanalytic technique in which a therapist will reveal explanations of the client’s unconscious motivations in ofer to improve psychological functioning.

Question 18

Latent content:

Answer 18

in the psychoanalytic theory, the thee, underlying, undisguised meaning of a dream.

Question 19

Resistance:

Answer 19

a psychoanalysis , a client’s employment of a defense mechanism during therapy.

Question 20

Defense mechanism:

Answer 20

unconscious arrangements that the ego uses to satisfy iD instincts indirectly.

Question 21

Transference:

Answer 21

in psychoanalysis, a type, of displacement in which the client will unconsciously act out relationships with the therapists.

Question 22

Psychoanalysis:

Answer 22

a type of therapy based on Freud’s theory of personality.

Question 23

Short-term psychodynamic therapy:

Answer 23

a type of solution focused psychoanalytic treatment.

Question 24

Humanism :

Answer 24

a theoretical orientation emphasizes growth, potential, and self-actualization.

Question 25

Actualizing tendency:

Answer 25

according to the humanists the instinctual desire to be the best versions of yourself possible.

Question 26

Client-centered therapy:

Answer 26

a humanistic psychotherapy based on a nondirective, genuine, and accepting environment.

Question 27

Active listening:

Answer 27

a communication method in which the listener responds in ways that demonstrate understanding of what another person says,

Question 28

Genuineness:

Answer 28

according to the client-centered approach, authenticity in a relationship.

Question 29

Acceptance:

Answer 29

communication of respect.

Question 30

Unconditional positive regard:

Answer 30

according to Rogers a sense of respect and love that is not linked to specific behaviors.

Question 31

Empathy:

Answer 31

an attempt to understand the Client's inner world.

Question 32

Phenomenology:

Answer 32

the idea that, in order to understand a person, it is important to understand the world from that person's perspective, aka phenomenological approach.

Question 33

Positive psychology :

Answer 33

a branch of psychologist that studies human strengths.

Question 34

Behavior therapy:

Answer 34

a family of therapies that use learning theory to change behavior.

Question 35

Symptom substitution:

Answer 35

the emergence of a replacement symptom of a psychological condition if the root cause is not resolved.

Question 36

Social skills training :

Answer 36

a type of behavior therapy intended to improve interaction with others.

Question 37

Classical conditioning:

Answer 37

learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unlearned stimulus and the response it automatically elicits.

Question 38

Counterconditioning:

Answer 38

a behavioral technique in which a response to stimulus is placed by a new response.

Question 39

Bell-and-pad treatment:

Answer 39

a classical conditioning treatment used to treat nighttime bed wetting.

Question 40

Exposure therapy:

Answer 40

a behavior therapy technique that involves repeatedly presenting the clients with a distressing object in order to reduce anxiety.

Question 41

Systematic desensitization:

Answer 41

treatment for phobia in which a client practices relaxation during progressively more fear-inducing stimuli.

Question 42

En Vivo:

Answer 42

a type of exposure therapy in which the actual feared object is used.

Question 43

Family therapy:

Answer 43

a type of psychotherapy that treats the immediate social system I.e the family to improve individuals' psychological functions.

Question 44

Eclectic approach:

Answer 44

a therapy technique that integrates ideas from several theories.

Question 45

Genogram:

Answer 45

family tree

Question 46

Group therapy:

Answer 46

a psychotherapeutic technique that treats multiple clients in a collective setting.

Question 47

Support group:

Answer 47

a type of group therapy in which members meet without a therapist to prove social support.

Question 48

Biomedical therapies:

Answer 48

a family of therapies that focus in surgery, medication, or other physiological interventions for the treatment of psychological conditions.

Question 49

Psychotropic medication:

Answer 49

a drug used to tear psychological conditions.

Answer 50

researchers and practitioners who study and often prescribe psychiatric medications.

Question 51

Placebo:

Answer 51

a substance without an active ingredient.

Question 52

Placebo effect:

Answer 52

treatment result in response to a physiological ineffective treatment.

Answer 53

a type of drug used to reduce the symptoms of depressive mood disorders.

Question 54

Selective serotonin reputable inhibitor (SSRI):

Answer 54

a class of medications that increase the efficiency of serotonin binding in the nervous system

Question 55

Relapse:

Answer 55

a recurrence if a condition or disorder.

Question 56

Antianxiety medication:

Answer 56

a type of drug used to reduce the symptoms of agitation and nervousness.

Question 57

Tolerance:

Answer 57

a reduction in a person's sensitivity to a drug over time.

Question 58

Gamma-aminobutytric acid (GABA):

Answer 58

the nervous system's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Question 59

Dependence:

Answer 59

when a person's drug use has led to distress or impairment and unsuccessfully efforts to reduce drug use.

Question 60

Mood stabilizers:

Answer 60

a family of medications used to treat bipolar mood disorders.

Question 61

Lithium:

Answer 61

a medication used to treat bipolar mood disorders.

Question 62

Antipsychotic medication:

Answer 62

a type of drug used to reduce the symptoms of thought disorders.

Question 63

Hallucinations:

Answer 63

sensory experience with no sensory input.

Question 64

Delusion:

Answer 64

a belief that most ppl would think is incredible or implausible.

Question 65

Negative symptoms of psychosis:

Answer 65

symptoms of psychosis that involve behaviors deficits, or expected behaviors that are absent.

Question 66

Anhedonia:

Answer 66

a reduced capacity to experience pleasure.

Question 67

Avolition:

Answer 67

lack of will

Question 68

Alogia:

Answer 68

lack of elaboration speech

Question 69

Tardive dyskinesia:

Answer 69

a neurological condition involving involuntary repetitive movements.

Question 70

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT):

Answer 70

a biological treatment in which seizures are induced in anesthetized patients.

Question 71

Neurogenesis:

Answer 71

new nerve growth.

Question 72

Psychosurgery:

Answer 72

treatment of mental and behavioral conditions using an invasive biological procedure.

Question 73

Lobotomy:

Answer 73

a surgery that involves destruction of nerves in the prefrontal cortex in order to improve symptoms of psychological conditions.

Question 74

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS):

Answer 74

a procedure that uses electromagnetic coils to activate nerve cells in the brain ..

Question 75

Deep brain stimulation (DBS):

Answer 75

s surgical treatment in which a medical device is used to send electrical impulses to parts of the nervous system

Question 76

Spontaneous remission:

Answer 76

reduction of symptoms of a condition in the absence of treatment.

Question 77

Versions toward the mean:

Answer 77

the inclination for extreme scores to more toward the average over time.

Question 78

Clinical trial:

Answer 78

the use of the scientific method to test a treatments for a disorder or condition.

Question 79

Dependent variable:

Answer 79

the measurement collected to determine if there was any effect of the independent variable in an experiment.

Question 80

Meta-Analysis:

Answer 80

a statistical technician that pools the results of several research studies.

Question 81

Evidence-based practice:

Answer 81

selecting therapy treatments using information gained through research.

Question 82

Eye movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR):

Answer 82

a therapy technique involving bilateral stimulation in order to process distressing memories.

Question 83

Collectivist culture:

Answer 83

a culture that places an emphasis on interreliance rather than self-reliance.