definitions from the bk chapter 16

Question 1

Role:

Answer 1

Role: a set of customary behaviors based in your position.

Question 2

Social roles:

Answer 2

assumptions about the way people should behave given their statues.

Question 3

Schema:

Answer 3

a structured set of thoughts and presumptions.

Question 4

Social psychology:

Answer 4

the branch of psychology that focuses on how the way people think, feel, and behave influences and is influenced by others.

Question 5

Group:

Answer 5

collection of people who have something in common.

Question 6

Social cognition:

Answer 6

thoughts people use to understand their social world.

Question 7

Social influence:

Answer 7

the way behavior is shaped.

Question 8

Social norm:

Answer 8

an expectation about customary behavior based on a person’s position.

Question 9

False consensus effect:

Answer 9

the habit of seeing our own behavior as typical.

Question 10

Availability heuristic:

Answer 10

a thinking shortcut in which the more quickly a person can think of an example of something, the more likely he or she suppose it must be true.

Question 11

Person perception:

Answer 11

involves the way we form opinions about others.

Question 12

Social categorization:

Answer 12

mental sorting of people’s into groups.

Question 13

Stereotypes:

Answer 13

over generalized beliefs about a group and its members.

Question 14

Prejudice:

Answer 14

negative stereotypes or attitudes about members of a particular group.

Question 15

Individualist cultures:

Answer 15

cultures that place an emphasis on each person’s right rather than on the society.

Question 16

Collectivist cultures:

Answer 16

a type of culture that prioritizes the groups other the individual.

Question 17

Attribution:

Answer 17

our mental explanations of events or behaviors.

Question 18

Attribution theory:

Answer 18

the theory that behavior is explained by situational or personal factors.

Question 19

Internal attribution:

Answer 19

an explanation of behavior based on personality characteristics.

Question 20

External attribution:

Answer 20

an explanation of behavior that focuses on environmental explanations.

Question 21

Fundamental attribution error:

Answer 21

Fundamental attribution error: an inclination to overestimate the impact of internal characteristics in explaining the behavior of others and underestimate the same characteristics in explaining your own behavior.

Question 22

Actor:

Answer 22

a person who exhibits a behavior.

Question 23

Actor-observer bias:

Answer 23

the likelihood of assigning an external and situational explanation to your own behavior while assigning internal, personal factors to the behavior of others.

Question 24

Defensive attribution:

Answer 24

blaming people for bad things that happen to them in order to protect your own feelings.

Question 25

Blaming the victim:

Answer 25

the tendency to attribute the cause of an unfortunate circumstance to the person experiencing it.

Question 26

Just-world hypothesis:

Answer 26

a belief that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Question 27

Attitude:

Answer 27

a tendency to judge people, objects, or issues in a certain way.

Question 28

Conflict:

Answer 28

a situation that involves incompatible objectives.

Question 29

Self-perception theory: t

Answer 29

he theory that suggests that people discover their attitudes while observing their own behavior.

Question 30

Cognitive dissonance theory:

Answer 30

the theory that we try to decrease our discomfort when holding two competing ideas at the same time by changing either our ideas or behaviors.

Question 31

Cognitive dissonance:

Answer 31

discomfort that you experience from holding toe competing ideas at the same times.

Question 32

Persuasion:

Answer 32

convincing another person.

Question 33

Central route to persuasion:

Answer 33

a constructive response to an argument that focuses solely on the argument’s merits.

Question 34

Peripheral route to persuasion:

Answer 34

influence based on small, noncore factors.

Question 35

Foot-in-the-door technique:

Answer 35

a practice by which agreement to a small request makes agreement to a more unreasonable request more likely.

Question 36

Door-in-the-face technique:

Answer 36

a practice by which rejecting an unreasonable request will lead to a more reasonable request that is more likely to be accepted.

Question 37

Conformity:

Answer 37

changing your thoughts or behavior to align with those of another.

Question 38

Obedience:

Answer 38

behavior that is in response to the orders of another.

Question 39

Compliance:

Answer 39

shifting behavior because of a request.

Question 40

Normative social influence:

Answer 40

the need to conform due to social pressures.

Question 41

Informational social influence:

Answer 41

sway that comes from believing another person.

Question 42

Discrimination:

Answer 42

the tendency to act differently toward members of a particular group.

Question 43

Aggression:

Answer 43

words or physical acts that a person does on order to cause harm.

Question 44

Instrumental aggression:

Answer 44

words or physical acts a person does to cause harm in an ultimate goal to obtain something.

Question 45

Hostile aggression:

Answer 45

aggression simply to inflict harm.

Question 46

Testosterone:

Answer 46

a sex hormone that stimulates production of spermatozoa and development of sex organ in males, and sex drive in males and females.

Question 47

Serotonin:

Answer 47

a neurotransmitter involved in sleep, mood, and appetite.

Question 48

Amygdala:

Answer 48

a cluster of neurons in the temporal lobe linked to emotions such as anger and fear.

Question 49

Cathartic:

Answer 49

an experience that involves the release of pent-up emotions.

Question 50

Mere exposure effect:

Answer 50

repeated exposure to a stimulus lead to preferring that stimulus.

Question 51

Matching hypothesis:

Answer 51

the belief that people are paired to equally attractive partners.

Question 52

Reciprocity of liking:

Answer 52

reacting positively to those who react positive to you,

Question 53

In-group bias:

Answer 53

accepting the attitudes of your own team.

Question 54

Out-group homogeneity:

Answer 54

the tendency for members of an out-group to seem similar to each other.

Question 55

Ethnocentrism:

Answer 55

believing that your own group is superior to others and should be the standard by which other cultures are judged.

Question 56

Altruism:

Answer 56

being unselfish and helpful toward other people.

Question 57

Social-responsibly norm:

Answer 57

the assumption that assistance should be given to those in need.

Question 58

Reciprocity norm:

Answer 58

an assumption that you should behave positively toward those who have helped you.

Question 59

Diffusion of responsibility:

Answer 59

the tendency for the responsibility to help is spread across a crowd.

Question 60

Bystander effect:

Answer 60

a phenomenon in which people are less likely to offer assistance to someone I need while in groups than they are by themselves.

Question 61

Group polarization:

Answer 61

the likelihood that the attitudes of members of a team sill become more similar over time.

Question 62

Groupthink:

Answer 62

when a group’s ideals become so imp organs that alternative ideas are dismissed.

Question 63

Social loafing:

Answer 63

the tendency to work less in a group than by yourself.

Question 64

Social facilitation:

Answer 64

the tendency to work harder when others are around.

Question 65

Deindividuation:

Answer 65

a merging of their self with a group in order to fell anonymous.