Dehydration And Clearing

Question 1

Designed to remove all extractable water from the tissue, it also allows visualization microscopically

Answer 1

Dehydration

Question 2

Removal of intercellular and extracellular water from the tissue and increasing concentration of alcohol

Answer 2

Dehydration

Question 3

Routine starts with ______

Answer 3

70% ethyl alcohol

Question 4

Embryonic tissues starts with ___________

Answer 4

30% ethyl alcohol or ethanol

Question 5

Ratio of dehydrating agent and tissue

Answer 5

10:1

Question 6

Qualities of an ideal dehydrating solution

Answer 6

Rapid acting
Should not evaporate fast
Non toxic
Not fire hazard

Question 7

These are capable of evaporation or highly volatile due to readily combination with water

Answer 7

Dehydrating agent

Question 8

A type of dehydrating agent that is both fixative and dehydrating

• best, fastest, mixes with water and penetrates easily, not poisonous, cheap

Answer 8

Ethyl (ethanol)

Question 9

A type of dehydrating agent that is toxic and used for blood films

Answer 9

Methyl (methanol)

Question 10

A type of dehydrating agent that is slow and used for plant and animal microtechniques

Answer 10

Butyl (butanol)

Question 11

Prolonged storage in 70% alcohol: ________

Answer 11

Macerates tissue

Question 12

Directly placed in high grade alcohol:___________

Answer 12

Shrinkage and hardening

Question 13

Other dehydrating agents that is readily available, cheap and rapid acting

• can cause tissue shrinkage

Answer 13

Acetone

Question 14

Other type of dehydrating agent that is excellent dehydrating and clearing agent, can cause less tissue shrinkage

• ribbons poorly and expensive

Answer 14

Dioxane (diethyl dioxide)

Question 15

Other type of dehydrating agent that is rarely used in terms of dehydration because it has more disadvantage that advantage

Answer 15

Cellosolve

Question 16

It dehydrates rapidly, storage without producing hardening or distortion

Answer 16

Cellosolve

Question 17

Other type of dehydrating agent that is used to dehydrate sections and smears following certain stains

Answer 17

Triethyl phosphate

Question 18

Other type of dehydrating agent that is non toxic and has offensive odor

Answer 18

Tetrahydrofuran

Question 19

4% phenol added to 95% ethanol

Answer 19

Softens hard tissues

Question 20

For hard tissues

Answer 20

Immerse in glycerol/alcohol mixture /molliflex

Question 21

A process in which we try to remove excess alcohol and water

Answer 21

Clearing

Question 22

Removal of dehydrating solutions, making the tissue components receptive to the infiltrating medium

Answer 22

Clearing

Question 23

Improve refractive index of the tissue

Answer 23

Clearing

Question 24

It is the ability of the tissue to be closely monitored or seen if it is focused under hpo or lpo

Answer 24

Refractive index

Question 25

Clearing is also known as

Answer 25

Dealcoholization

Question 26

Characteristics of good clearing agents

Answer 26

Miscible with alcohol and paraffin/ mounting medium Should not produce excessive tissue shrinkage Should not evaporate quickly Should make tissues transparent

Question 27

A type of clearing agent that is highly utilized, most common, colorless and most rapid

Answer 27

Xylene/ Xylol

Question 28

It is not for nervous system and lymph nodes

Answer 28

Xylene/ xylol

Question 29

Type of clearing agent that is not carcinogenic but will emit fumes that are toxic upon prolonged exposure

Answer 29

Toluene

Question 30

Type of clearing agent that is no longer available commercially and rapid acting

Answer 30

Benzene

Question 31

It may damage bone marrow resulting to aplastic anemia

Answer 31

Benzene

Question 32

Type of clearing agent that causes dizziness it is used for tough tissues- decalcified, nervous, lymph nodes Also used for embryos- minimum shrinkage and hardening

Answer 32

Chloroform

Question 33

It is toxic for liver, and does not make tissues transparent

Answer 33

Chloroform

Question 34

Type of clearing agent that is used for microscopy (oil objective) and it is very penetrating

Answer 34

Cedarwood oil

Question 35

Can be use for CNS, smooth muscle, skin and cytology, may also be used for paraffin and celloidin sections

Answer 35

Cedarwood oil

Question 36

Type of clearing agent that is use for clearing embryos, insects and delicate specimens

Answer 36

Aniline oil

Question 37

Type of clearing agent that causes minimum shrinkage of tissues, wax impregnation- slow to remove

Answer 37

Clove oil

Question 38

Type of clearing agent that is hepatotoxic which causes liver damage

Answer 38

Carbon tetrachloride

Question 39

Properties and disadvantages are like chloroform

Answer 39

Carbon tetrachloride

Question 40

Type of clearing agent that is slow acting and use for double embedding

Answer 40

Methyl benzoate/ salicylate

Question 41

Type of clearing agent that is both dehydrating and clearing agent, non toxic but with offensive odor

Answer 41

Tetrahydrofuran

Question 42

Agents that needs a special permission from PDEA

Answer 42

Xylene Toluene Benzene Chloroform