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Histopath > Histologic Technique > Flashcards

Histologic Technique Flashcards

1
Q

It deals with the preparation of tissues for microscopic examination

A

Histological Technique

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2
Q

What happened if a tissue is removed from the body or cut off from its blood supply

A

Decomposition occurs

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3
Q

Decomposition results from:

A

Deprivation of oxygen
Accumulation of carbon dioxide
Autolysis

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4
Q

Decomposition occurs in what following organs?

A

Kidney
Liver
Pancreas

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5
Q

This is where the tissue specimen from the operating theaters and clinics are received

A

Specimen Reception Laboratory

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6
Q

Accurate diagnosis is dependent upon correct what?

A

Identification
Handling
Processing

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7
Q

It may include the year and month the specimen was received.

A

Accession number

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8
Q

This are frequently used by clinical laboratories

A

Bar codes

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9
Q

The specimen container label and the accompanying request form should include:

A

Patient’s name
Age or birth date
Medical record number

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10
Q

Where should the label be firmly attached?

A

Attached to the body of the container

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11
Q

What does a request form should have

A

Provisional diagnosis and brief clinical details.

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12
Q

People who can gross specimen

A

Pathologist
Resident
Physician assistant

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13
Q

The type of biopsy and the number of fragments received should be documented

A

Grossing

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14
Q

This should not be cut, bisected, or inked while fresh and infixed.

A

Small specimens

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15
Q

This is where the small specimens should be processed

A

Lens paper or in a tea bag

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16
Q

Usually taken with a larger lesion or of a generalized inflammatory or other diseases process.

A

Core biopsies

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17
Q

Should be bisected eccentrically and embedded (4mm)

A

Larger core biopsies

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18
Q

Should be embedded totally without cutting it (2mm)

A

Small core biopsies

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19
Q

Depending upon the size of the biopsy, other epithelial surfaces should cut

A

Shave biopsies of skin

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20
Q

Method of choice for surgical removal of whole organ

A

Excisional biopsy

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21
Q

Original site of a lesion may need to be re-excised if the margins are invaded by tumor

A

Re-excision specimen

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22
Q

Operative specimen

A

Non skin specimen

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23
Q

All specimens must be examined carefully because:

A

It may harbor unsuspected malignant

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24
Q

Important determinants of neoplastic specimen

A

Tumor

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25
Q

Special care due to diagnostic difficulties of pediatric lesion/ disease

A

Pediatric specimen

26
Q

Processing of tissues

A
  1. Identification- Gross Examination & Accessioning
  2. Fixation
  3. Decalcification- removal of calcium
  4. Dehydration – removal of water using alcohol.
  5. Clearing- remove excess alcohol
  6. Infiltration / Impregnation
  7. Embedding- solidify
  8. Trimming- cut excess
  9. Section Cutting –microtome to have tissue sample / tissue ribbon
  10. Staining – H&E staining (commonly used)
  11. Mounting- process slip
    12.Labeling – label accession number
27
Q

Microscopic study of the normal tissue

A

Histology

28
Q

Microscopic study of tissue affected by the disease

A

Histopathology

29
Q

Simplest, least invasive, not always adequate to obtain diagnosis

A

Fine needle aspirations

30
Q

Remove not only cells but also small amount of tissue

A

Core needle biopsy

31
Q

Takes out some abnormality, remove only a portion

A

Incisional biopsy

32
Q

Remove entire area

A

Excisional biopsy

33
Q

Primary technique, diagnostic

A

Punch biopsy

34
Q

Small fragments are shaved

A

Shave biopsy

35
Q

Scooped or spooned

A

Curettings

36
Q

Methods of tissue examination

A

Fresh tissue examination
Fixed Tissue examination

37
Q

Methods of fresh tissue examination

A

Teasing or dissociation
Squash preparation
Smear preparation
Frozen section

38
Q

Tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic normal saline solution

A

Teasing and dissociation

39
Q

These are the microscopes that can be used in teasing or dissociation

A

Bright field microscopy
Phase contrast microscopy

40
Q

Tissues are placed in a microscopic slide forcibly compressed with another slide or coverslip
-< 1mm thick of tissues

A

Squash preparation

41
Q

Smears should be from fresh material, cellular materials are spread lightly

A

Smear preparation

42
Q

Methods of smear preparation

A

Streaking
Spreading
Pull-apart
Touch

43
Q

It is a smear preparation method and it is used for preparing. Ex: mucoid secretion, vaginal secretion, gastric content

A

Streaking

44
Q

It is a smear preparation method and it is used for thick mucoid secretions. Ex: smears of fresh sputum, bronchial aspirates

A

Spreading

45
Q

It is a smear preparation method that is used for serous fluids, concentrated sputum, vaginal pool

A

Pull-apart

46
Q

It is a smear preparation method and it is used for preparation of direct impression. Ex: lymph nodes, autopsy secretion

A

Touch or impression smear

47
Q

Utilized when rapid diagnosis of tissue is required

A

Frozen section

48
Q

Frozen section is recommended for:

A

Nervous tissue/lipids

49
Q

Thicknesses for frozen section

A

10-15um

50
Q

Temperature for frozen section

A

-10 - -20C

51
Q

Frozen section limitation

A

Freezing artifacts
Inferior quality
Lack of consultation

52
Q

Optimal turn around time

A

< 15mins

53
Q

Cryostat temp for rfs

A

-17C

54
Q

2 methods of preparing frozen section

A

Cold knife procedure
Cryostat procedure

55
Q

Microtome for cold knife procedure

A

Cryostat

56
Q

Microtome for cryostat procedure

A

Cold microtome

57
Q

Optimum condition for sectioning (cold knife procedure)

A

Knife- -40 to -60C
Tissues- 5 to -10C
Environment- 0 to 10C

58
Q

Optimum working temperature for cryostat procedure

A

-18 to -20C

59
Q

A refrigerated cabinet in which a modified microtome is housed

A

Cryostat

60
Q

Best for frozen section, has a synthetic water soluble glycols and resins

A

Mounting media

61
Q

Freezing agents

A

Liquid nitrogen- common
Isopentate cooled by liquid nitrogen
Carbon dioxide gas
Aerosol spray

Histopath (8 decks)

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