Histologic Technique

Question 1

It deals with the preparation of tissues for microscopic examination

Answer 1

Histological Technique

Question 2

What happened if a tissue is removed from the body or cut off from its blood supply

Answer 2

Decomposition occurs

Question 3

Decomposition results from:

Answer 3

Deprivation of oxygen
Accumulation of carbon dioxide
Autolysis

Question 4

Decomposition occurs in what following organs?

Answer 4

Kidney
Liver
Pancreas

Question 5

This is where the tissue specimen from the operating theaters and clinics are received

Answer 5

Specimen Reception Laboratory

Question 6

Accurate diagnosis is dependent upon correct what?

Answer 6

Identification
Handling
Processing

Question 7

It may include the year and month the specimen was received.

Answer 7

Accession number

Question 8

This are frequently used by clinical laboratories

Answer 8

Bar codes

Question 9

The specimen container label and the accompanying request form should include:

Answer 9

Patient’s name
Age or birth date
Medical record number

Question 10

Where should the label be firmly attached?

Answer 10

Attached to the body of the container

Question 11

What does a request form should have

Answer 11

Provisional diagnosis and brief clinical details.

Question 12

People who can gross specimen

Answer 12

Pathologist
Resident
Physician assistant

Question 13

The type of biopsy and the number of fragments received should be documented

Answer 13

Grossing

Question 14

This should not be cut, bisected, or inked while fresh and infixed.

Answer 14

Small specimens

Question 15

This is where the small specimens should be processed

Answer 15

Lens paper or in a tea bag

Question 16

Usually taken with a larger lesion or of a generalized inflammatory or other diseases process.

Answer 16

Core biopsies

Question 17

Should be bisected eccentrically and embedded (4mm)

Answer 17

Larger core biopsies

Question 18

Should be embedded totally without cutting it (2mm)

Answer 18

Small core biopsies

Question 19

Depending upon the size of the biopsy, other epithelial surfaces should cut

Answer 19

Shave biopsies of skin

Question 20

Method of choice for surgical removal of whole organ

Answer 20

Excisional biopsy

Question 21

Original site of a lesion may need to be re-excised if the margins are invaded by tumor

Answer 21

Re-excision specimen

Question 22

Operative specimen

Answer 22

Non skin specimen

Question 23

All specimens must be examined carefully because:

Answer 23

It may harbor unsuspected malignant

Question 24

Important determinants of neoplastic specimen

Answer 24

Tumor

Question 25

Special care due to diagnostic difficulties of pediatric lesion/ disease

Answer 25

Pediatric specimen

Question 26

Processing of tissues

Answer 26

1. Identification- Gross Examination & Accessioning 2. Fixation 3. Decalcification- removal of calcium 4. Dehydration – removal of water using alcohol. 5. Clearing- remove excess alcohol 6. Infiltration / Impregnation 7. Embedding- solidify 8. Trimming- cut excess 9. Section Cutting –microtome to have tissue sample / tissue ribbon 10. Staining – H&E staining (commonly used) 11. Mounting- process slip 12.Labeling – label accession number

Question 27

Microscopic study of the normal tissue

Answer 27

Histology

Question 28

Microscopic study of tissue affected by the disease

Answer 28

Histopathology

Question 29

Simplest, least invasive, not always adequate to obtain diagnosis

Answer 29

Fine needle aspirations

Question 30

Remove not only cells but also small amount of tissue

Answer 30

Core needle biopsy

Question 31

Takes out some abnormality, remove only a portion

Answer 31

Incisional biopsy

Question 32

Remove entire area

Answer 32

Excisional biopsy

Question 33

Primary technique, diagnostic

Answer 33

Punch biopsy

Question 34

Small fragments are shaved

Answer 34

Shave biopsy

Question 35

Scooped or spooned

Answer 35

Curettings

Question 36

Methods of tissue examination

Answer 36

Fresh tissue examination Fixed Tissue examination

Question 37

Methods of fresh tissue examination

Answer 37

Teasing or dissociation Squash preparation Smear preparation Frozen section

Question 38

Tissue specimen is immersed in a watch glass containing isotonic normal saline solution

Answer 38

Teasing and dissociation

Question 39

These are the microscopes that can be used in teasing or dissociation

Answer 39

Bright field microscopy Phase contrast microscopy

Question 40

Tissues are placed in a microscopic slide forcibly compressed with another slide or coverslip -< 1mm thick of tissues

Answer 40

Squash preparation

Question 41

Smears should be from fresh material, cellular materials are spread lightly

Answer 41

Smear preparation

Question 42

Methods of smear preparation

Answer 42

Streaking Spreading Pull-apart Touch

Question 43

It is a smear preparation method and it is used for preparing. Ex: mucoid secretion, vaginal secretion, gastric content

Answer 43

Streaking

Question 44

It is a smear preparation method and it is used for thick mucoid secretions. Ex: smears of fresh sputum, bronchial aspirates

Answer 44

Spreading

Question 45

It is a smear preparation method that is used for serous fluids, concentrated sputum, vaginal pool

Answer 45

Pull-apart

Question 46

It is a smear preparation method and it is used for preparation of direct impression. Ex: lymph nodes, autopsy secretion

Answer 46

Touch or impression smear

Question 47

Utilized when rapid diagnosis of tissue is required

Answer 47

Frozen section

Question 48

Frozen section is recommended for:

Answer 48

Nervous tissue/lipids

Question 49

Thicknesses for frozen section

Answer 49

10-15um

Question 50

Temperature for frozen section

Answer 50

-10 - -20C

Question 51

Frozen section limitation

Answer 51

Freezing artifacts Inferior quality Lack of consultation

Question 52

Optimal turn around time

Answer 52

< 15mins

Question 53

Cryostat temp for rfs

Answer 53

-17C

Question 54

2 methods of preparing frozen section

Answer 54

Cold knife procedure Cryostat procedure

Question 55

Microtome for cold knife procedure

Answer 55

Cryostat

Question 56

Microtome for cryostat procedure

Answer 56

Cold microtome

Question 57

Optimum condition for sectioning (cold knife procedure)

Answer 57

Knife- -40 to -60C Tissues- 5 to -10C Environment- 0 to 10C

Question 58

Optimum working temperature for cryostat procedure

Answer 58

-18 to -20C

Question 59

A refrigerated cabinet in which a modified microtome is housed

Answer 59

Cryostat

Question 60

Best for frozen section, has a synthetic water soluble glycols and resins

Answer 60

Mounting media

Question 61

Freezing agents

Answer 61

Liquid nitrogen- common Isopentate cooled by liquid nitrogen Carbon dioxide gas Aerosol spray