Dement and Klietman (results)

Question 1

Results: Relating to uninterrupted dream stages

Answer 1

They found that uninterrupted dream stages
* Lasted 3-50 mins (mean of 20 mins)

Question 2

Results: Observations

Answer 2

• NO rapid eye movements were seen during the onset of sleep
• When ppts were awoken during NREM they returned to NREM but when woken up from REM they did not dream again until the next REM phase

Question 3

Research question 1: To investigate whether dream recall differs between REM or NREM sleep stages

Answer 3

• Ppts frequently described dreams when awoken from REM but rarely during NREM.
• Awakenings from REM produced a dream recall of 79.6%
• Awakenings from from NREM produced a dream recall of 7%.
• This difference was most noticable during the end of the NREM period.
• Waking participants under 8 minutes of completing their REM period resulted in 5/17 dreams being recalled.
• However, waking participants after 8 minutes of completing REM resulted in only 6/132 dreams being recalled.

The further you are from REM the less likely you are to remember the dream.

Question 4

Research question 2: to investigate whether there is a postive correlation between subjective estimates of dream duration and REM duration

Answer 4

• Pptts were more accurate at estimating 5 to 15 minutes
• on 88% of the trials ppts estimated 5 mins correctly
• On 78% of the trials ppts estimated 15 minutes correctly
• There was a signficant postive correlation= 0.71

Question 5

Research question 3

Answer 5

• Eye movement appereared to be related to dream content.
• Dreams with only vertical or horizontal eye movements were very rare

Horizontal-1
Vertical-3
Mixed both-21
None/little-10

Question 6

Results: Mainly vertical eye movements

Answer 6

• Ppts was at the bottom of a tall clif operating a hoist and looking at climbers at various levels then down at the machine
• Ppts was climbing up a series of laders looking up and down as he climbed

Question 7

Results: Mainly horizontal eye movements

Answer 7

• The dreamer was looking at 2 people throwing tomatoes at each other

Question 8

Results: Little or none eye movements (10)

Answer 8

• Pptt was watching something at a distance
• or staring at an object

Question 9

Results: Mixed eye movements (21)

Answer 9

• Ppts were looking at people/ objects close to them (talking to a group of ppl, looking for something and fighting with someone)

Question 10

Results: Comparison EEG records

Answer 10

• Eye movement patterns recorded from the control were similar in amplitude and pattern to thoes occuring in dreams