Dementia

Question 0

Creutfeldt Jacob

Progression?

Answer 0

Rapid progressive dementia (weeks to months) with myoclonus.

Question 1

dementia

Answer 1

a decrease in cognitive ability, memory, with intact conciousness

Question 2

Transcortical aphasia

Answer 2

Pts have non fluent speech and trouble finding words due to frontal lobe damage, but can repeat complex phrases.
Can be seen in alziehmers

Question 3

Gait apraxia

Answer 3

Shuffling feet instead of lifting them while walking.

Question 4

Histologically Alzhiemers is characterized by:

Answer 4

Neurofibrillary tangles (hyperphosphorylated tau) and senile plaques (beta amyloid)

Question 5

What gene mutations are associated with early onest alziehmers

Answer 5

Presenilin 1 (chr 14)
Presenilin 2 (chr 1)

Question 6

What gene is associated with late onset familial alzheimers?

Answer 6

Apolipoprotein E4 (chr 19)

Question 7

Amyloid preccursor rotein is cleaved by

Answer 7

Secretases (gamma secretases)

Question 8

what percent of alzhiemers is familial

Answer 8

10%

Question 9

Donepazil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are used in tx alzhiemers because they:

Answer 9

Are AchE inhibitors and Ach is low in these pts

Question 10

Memantine is:

used for:

Answer 10

Memantine is an NMDA antagonist

Used for alzhiemers to prevent excitotoxicity

Question 11

Huntingtons
Inheritance pattern?
Anticipation?
Clinical triad?
Sx worsen with:
Tx:

Answer 11

Autosomal DOMINANT, complete penetrance.
Has anticipation ->CAG Repeats increase with generation
Traid = chorea/athetosis, dementia, behavioral change
Sx worsen with LEVODOPA (Dont misdiagnose as PD)
Tx = maage choreathetosis with neuroleptics (like haloperidol, D receptor blockers AE= tardive dyskinesia)

Question 12

Treatable causes of diffuse cortical dysfunction

Answer 12

#1 = Depression (pseudodementia)
also thyroid dysfxn, metabolic encephalopathy, hypoxia, dehydration, B12 thiamine folate deficiency (Rare)anemia, hematoma, meningitits.....