Dizziness

Question 0

Disequilibrium

Answer 0

unsteady on feet

Question 1

Presyncope

Answer 1

light headed

Question 2

Vertigo

Answer 2

Illusion of motion

Question 3

Presyncope is often due to:

Answer 3

difffuse cerebral ischemia

vasovagal episodes, outflow obstruction, low CO, anxiety

Question 4

disequilibrium can often be due to: (2)

Answer 4

1. Sensory issue in eyes, vestibular system, or feet (lack of proprioception in feet)
2. Cerebellar dysfunction

Question 5

Peripheral vertigo due to:

Signs:

Answer 5

damage to inner ear receptors or CNVIII
shows unidirectional jerk nystagmus
may have hearing problem.

Question 6

Central vertigo due to:

Signs:

Answer 6

problems in central processing (cortex)
Shows multidirectional nystagmus
NO HEARING LOSS
other neuro signs.

Question 7

What is the cause of benign positional vertigo (BPV)?

How does it look clinically?

Answer 7

BPV is caused by loose canniliths/ otoliths.
It is often precipitated by movement, and lasts 15-60 seconds. It can also be caused by trauma or be spontanues in the elderly. Tx: cannilth repositioning or they may dissolve by themselves over time.

Question 8

Acute labryinthitis/vestibular neuronitis clinical picture:

Answer 8

A single monophasic attack that may follow a viral syndrome, and may resolves within days-weeks

Question 9

Ménière’s disease is caused by:

Clinical picture:

Answer 9

Caused by increased pressure in the endolymph due to decreased resorption causes rupture of membrane and mixing of peri and endolymph. Can be due to years of cumulative damage.

Clinically, episodes are provoked by loud noises, with attacks lasting 30 minutes to hours.

Question 10

perilymph fistula is caused by

Answer 10

a leak between the inner ear and middle ear, often due to a change in external ear pressure (airplane, sneeeze). Causes attacks of vertigo sometime with hearing loss.

Question 11

Acoustic neuroma

Answer 11

A rare cause of vertigo, develops slowly. Typically only produces hearing loss.

Question 12

Cervicogenic veritigo

Answer 12

Vertigo provoked by movement/sustaned neck positioning. Less severe than BPV.

Question 13

Chiari Malformation
Definition:
Type of vertigo:
Clinical Picture:

Answer 13

Protrusion of the lower cerebellum into the foramen magnum leading to compresssion of vestibular areas in brainstem.

A type of central vertigo.

Pt has a occipital headache and DOWNBEAT NYSTAGMUS