Dermatology Pathology Flashcards Preview

Systems 2A Pathology > Dermatology Pathology > Flashcards

Flashcards in Dermatology Pathology Deck (44)
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1
Q

Define Herpes Simplex Virus.

A
  • infection caused by herpes virus
2
Q

List symptoms of herpes simplex virus.

A
  • coldsores

- genital skin lesions

3
Q

How would you treat herpes simplex virus?

A
  • treat with aciclovir
4
Q

Describe herpes zoster virus.

A
  • virus that causes chickenpox and shingles

- shingles occurs when HZV reappears in the dorsal root or cranial ganglia

5
Q

Describe the presentation of herpes zoster virus.

A
  • eruptions of macules and papules

- in severe cases there is a dermatomal, unilateral pattern with severe pain and facial palsy

6
Q

How would you treat herpes zoster virus?

A
  • treat with aciclovir and vaccines in the elderly
7
Q

Describe scabies.

A
  • parasitic infestation by sarcoptes scabei spread by prolonged close contact
8
Q

Describe the presentation of scabies.

A
  • itchy rash that resembles eczema

- small papules, vesicles and pustules usually appear in hands, wrist and axillae

9
Q

How would you treat a scabies infestation?

A
  • topical scabicide applied overnight
10
Q

Define cellulitis.

A
  • infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues respectively
11
Q

Describes the presentation of cellulitis.

A
  • tender, confluent areas of inflammed skin
  • fever
  • malaise
  • usually starts in the legs
12
Q

How would you treat cellulitis?

A
  • treat with antibiotics
13
Q

Define eczema.

A

An itchy skin condition in the last 12 months, plus three or more of;

  • onset before age 2
  • history of flexural involvement
  • history of generally dry skin
  • history of other atopic disease
  • history in 1st degree relative if <4 years
14
Q

Describe the presentation of eczema.

A
  • itchiness
  • scaling
  • papules
  • vesicles
  • especially in flexural areas
15
Q

How would you investigate eczema?

A
  • allergic contact patch testing

- IgG testing

16
Q

How would you treat eczema?

A
  • irritant avoidance
  • emolients
  • topical corticosteroids
17
Q

Define Steven-Johnson Syndrome.

A
  • a severe drug reaction with <10% skin detachment and one or two mucosal sites involved
18
Q

Define Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.

A
  • a severe drug reaction with >30% skin detachment
19
Q

Describe the presentation of SJS and TEN.

A
  • onset usually 1-2 weeks after drug exposure
  • malaise
  • myalgia
  • fever
  • cough
  • tender regions of maculopapular erythema
  • mouth ulceration
  • rapid confluent blistering
20
Q

How would you treat SJS and TEN?

A
  • identify and stop the culprit drug

- supportive therapy

21
Q

Describe psoriasis.

A
  • chronic, immune-mediated disease
  • skin becomes inflammed and hyperproliferates at 10x the normal rate
  • red, well-demarcated scaly plaques
22
Q

List risk factors for melanoma.

A
  • high UV radiation exposure
  • genetic susceptibility
  • familial melanoma
23
Q

Describe the presentation of melanoma.

A
appears as a mole with;
Asymmetry 
Border uncircumscribed 
Colour changes throughout 
Diameter (>6mm)
Evolution (recent changes) 
- also important to know about oozing/bleeding
- itch
- altered sensation
24
Q

How would you treat melanoma?

A
  • urgent surgical excision

- chemotherapy

25
Q

What is the most common malignant skin condition?

A
  • basal cell carcinoma
26
Q

Describe the presentation of basal cell carcinoma.

A
  • appears as a slowly enlarging nodule on the neck or head area
  • bleeds following minor trauma - doesn’t heal
  • pearly rolled edges
  • central ulceration
27
Q

How would you treat basal cell carcinoma

A
  • excision
28
Q

Which type of skin cancer develops keritinising squamous cells?

A
  • squamous cell carcinoma
29
Q

Describe the presentation of squamous cell carcinoma.

A
  • fast growing
  • tender
  • crusted
  • can ulcerate
30
Q

How would you treat squamous cell carcinoma?

A
  • excision

- radiotherapy

31
Q

Describe sebhorrhoeic keratoses.

A
  • benign lesions that may indicate an underlying malignancy (like GI adenocarcinoma)
32
Q

Describe the presentation of sebhorrhoeic keratoses.

A
  • leser trelet sign - abrupt onset of widespread SKs, particularly in younger patients
  • large warty growths with a stuck on appearance
  • multiple cherry angiomas
33
Q

How would you treat sebhorrhoeic keratoses?

A
  • generally left untreated

- cryotherapy and curettage if required

34
Q

Define Bowen’s disease.

A
  • intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma in situ
35
Q

Describe the presentation of Bowen’s disease.

A
  • irregular, scaly erythematous plaque
36
Q

How would you treat Bowen’s disease?

A
  • cryotherapy and curettage
  • photodynamic therapy
  • imiquimod
37
Q

Define acne vulgaris.

A
  • disease of the pilosebacious unit causing comedones/whiteheads and blackheads
38
Q

How would you treat acne vulgaris?

A
  • retinoids
  • benzoyl peroxide
  • antibiotics
  • isoretinoin
39
Q

Define acne rosaria.

A
  • common inflammatory facial rash, which usually occurs in mid-adult life, due to immune system
40
Q

Describe the presentation of acne rosaria.

A
  • diffuse erythema, inflammatory papules and pustules that affect the face in an ace of clubs formation
41
Q

How would you treat acne rosaria?

A
  • antibiotics
  • topical cream
  • tetracylines
  • isoretinoin
42
Q

Define impetigo.

A
  • skin disease of children spread by direct contact
43
Q

Describe the presentation of impetigo.

A
  • inflammed plaques with a golden, crusty surface
  • usually on hands or face
  • can be itchy
44
Q

How would you treat impetigo?

A
  • fusidic acid