development Flashcards

Question

examples of jobs of tertiary sector

Answer 1

Architects Retail employees Drivers

Answer 2

Aerospace engineers Research scientists Computer scientists

Answer 3

the tertiary and quaternary jobs. This is because they are ‘ real’ jobs that have fixed incomes and also access to basic healthcare and education, although they can be taxed. Some jobs like doctors, also earn more than bus drivers creating a bigger difference between the sectors.

Answer 4

Food is passed through all the sectors. It goes through the primary sector through farming, into the secondary sector because of food processing factories, it then goes ( through tertiary sector transport) to supermarkets and other food sales, restaurants and lastly research and development into the quaternary sector.

Answer 5

It measures inequality on a scale from 0 to 1, where higher values indicate higher inequality

Answer 6

A wealthy or more important region Richest and most industrial and developed part of country ( where most opportunities and investments are found)

Answer 7

Area surrounding an economic core region

Answer 8

When one thing leads to another, creating a cycle of growth or decline.

Answer 9

People have more money as they have higher spending jobs and will spend it on stuff like clothes which means demand for goods and services will increase (bicycles, phones, haircuts) and as a result entrepreneurial activities make sure the demand is met by establishment of businesses ( demand gets translate into more jobs and businesses which again created more jobs)

Answer 10

education employment ethnicity and race residence land ownership

Answer 11

The improvement of the quality of life, ensuring more people have access to basic needs - the growing of economy, raising people's standard of living

Answer 12

Life expectancy improvement ( better healthcare access) Levels of literacy improves across country ( more children getting education)

Answer 13

gross national product per capita is the Total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year plus income earned by the country’s residents from foreign investments minus income earned within the domestic economy by overseas residents. ALWAYS MEASURED IN DOLLARS

Answer 14

Measures a country's overall economic performance Allows easy comparisons between countries Indicates potential quality of life Helps government plan economic policies It's in dollars so you can compare countries all around the world Simple to understand

Answer 15

Countries that are further inland have generally developed more slowly as it affects their ability to trade ( far from ocean)

Answer 16

The size can affect amount of natural resources and generally small countries develop more slowly

Answer 17

polar and tropical countries have developed more slowly than those countries with a more equable, temperate climate. This is because they produce more infertile soils and can limit the range of species and animals that can be found

Answer 18

Economic policies bring economic growth. LICs often find it hard to market their products to rich large markets because of regulation laws.

Answer 19

More people running around the street will mean crime and theft rates rise, as well as probably more homelessness and poverty, resulting in less development ( people who are unemployed usually have less access to basic needs)

Answer 20

A stable government ensures rapid and sustained economic growth. Countries with stable governments are usually more developed

Answer 21

Governments can encourage or discourage population growth which can provide economic benefits like a productive and large workforce but some economies can’t keep up with their population growth and have high levels of unemployment and poverty.

Answer 22

An aged population will have less productive and smaller workforce, meaning the countries economy will also probably be low as they have more needs and less ability

Answer 23

Some people might stereotype and misallocate talent and skills which will reduce the efficiency of workforce and economy

Answer 24

People with higher levels of education invariably gain better-paid employment. In developing countries there is a clear link between education levels and family size, with those with the least education having the largest families as they don’t have careers. Maintaining a large family usually means that saving is impossible and varying levels of debt likely. In contrast, people with better educational opportunities have smaller families and so are able to save and invest more for the future. The parents' education level also is super important as well educated parents will have better careers, be able to give their children better education and their family will be able to access higher paid work so better quality of life.

Answer 25

the development gap often has an ethnic and religious dimension where some ethnic groups in a population have income levels much lower than the dominant religions in the same population. Discrimination also plays a huge role as for example in America, black people earn 50% less as an average household income.

Answer 26

Owning a very small plot of land provides a level of security which people without land don’t have. Households headed by women are often the most disadvantaged in terms of land ownership.

Answer 27

Where people are born and where they live can have a very significant impact on their quality of life. If you live in a poor area, and rural area you will probably end up working in farming with low income.

Answer 28

Doesn't tell us the way in which the wealth is distributed in a country Doesn’t tell us how government invests the money it has at disposal ( Cuba has low GNP but high standards of health and education as those have been the priorities for a long time) Misses social aspects like healthcare, education, environment ( quality of life) Doesn’t include the informal and subsistence sectors of economies Doesn't tell you about environment aspects

Answer 29

People who are literate are able to access medical and other information that will help them to a higher quality of life compared to those who are illiterate. People who are iterate gave a higher chance of getting a higher paid work

Answer 30

Percentage of the adult population that can read and write

Answer 31

It is to a large extent the end result of all the factors contributing to the quality of life in a country. It allows you see diseases (malaria) environmental conditions ( rainfall) and human environmental conditions ( pollution), and personal lifestyle ( smoking) and nutrition

Answer 32

Average numbers of years that a person born today is expected to live for

Answer 33

Life expectancy at birth Literacy rate GNI per capita (PP$)

Answer 34

Reduces development to just three factors, ignoring other important aspects. Doesn't consider cultural and social differences that might affect development. Relies on the accuracy of data, which can vary between countries. Doesn’t have a unit, just a number so kind of meaningless

Answer 35

Combines health, education and income to give a fuller picture of development Highlights humans well being and not just the economic growth promotes improvement in health and education as well as income. Easy comparison between all countries

Answer 36

a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity that all countries have worked towards.

Answer 37

When the world becomes more connected through trade, technology, travel, and communication. It means countries and people are more linked than ever before, sharing goods, ideas, and culture.

Answer 38

Advances in technology and communications (mobile phones, aeroplanes getting more efficient, bullet trains, telephones and the internet), because it meant that people could exchange information and goods more quickly. Also ships have gotten bigger (VLCCs) (very large container carriers

Answer 39

reduced unit cost and travel time

Answer 40

- able to produce their products in countries that aren't their home countries, at lower costs - and sell products in multiple areas, at lower prices (because they were produced for less), so companies can oprate globally

Answer 41

Because they can organise, finance banking and transport from far away

Answer 42

in their home countries, paying the same salaries and production costs, having similar suppliers and same customer as well as same prices as every other one in that area

Answer 43

- Factories set up where labour is cheaper Due to technical, cultural and economic development, the production and manufacturing of goods changed to less economically advantaged countries, so products are produced for less, and priced for less too, and because local businesses will have to compete, they will also lower prices, and an active exchange of goods comes about. - Online shops created, but also there are more international chains

Answer 44

Job opportunities for locals in places like economically disadvantaged countries where companies produce their products Economic growth and trade ( TNC businesses expand so more jobs (like zara and h&m)) Cheaper products as lower production costs and also more choice (products made in LICs) Cultural exchange (sharing of ideas, advertisement of lifestyles)

Answer 45

- Goods - Technology (invented, and then used in other countries) - Information (about places, climate or prices) - Services (insurance and banking) - Culture (tradition, music, fashion) - People (migration)

Answer 46

Loss of jobs (if a company decides to move their production to an economically disadvantaged countries, the people in the economically advantaged one, lose their job) IN HIGH INCOME COUNTRIES Ecological problems like climate change (use of aeroplanes, ships and trucks to transport goods over international borders is constantly increasing, which causes more carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere)(carbon emissions) Private/small owned businesses can’t compete and so they disappear Increase in terrorism because through the internet it's easier to brainwash people

Answer 47

transnational corporation

Answer 48

A firm that owns or controls productive operations in more than one country through foreign direct investment (FDI) They can exploit raw materials, produce goods such as cars and oil, and provide services like banking

Answer 49

Because they bring in huge amounts of investment, which drives the ‘global shift’. And also help develop the communications technology

Answer 50

Bring customer loyalty because they build trust, so customers continue to buy Bring worldwide recognition because a strong brand is recognizable everywhere Competitive advantage, they help TNCs stand out and charge more Effective marketing, easier to attract and advertise customers Easier expansion, because known brands succeed better and faster in new markets Cultural influence, they help spread global trends & lifestyles

Answer 51

Major advances in transportation and telecommunication systems have significantly reduced geographical barriers by separating countries and people. TRANSPORT SYSTEMS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

Answer 52

are the ways in which information is transmitted to places in form of ideas, instructions, and images - as time passes, diffusion of new ideas has speeded up and a technical breakthrough in one part of the world had an impact on other parts of the world much quicker than before

Answer 53

are how materials, products and people are transferred to places

Answer 54

the way that different types of jobs are now located in different parts of the world, often depending on the level of development of a country.

Answer 55

it divides jobs, especially. in manufacturing and services, and shows how they’re spread out around the world, and how that's changed over time due to globalization

Answer 56

High levels of international tourism Increasing cultural diversity in a growing number of countries Rising levels of international migration (remittances) Increasing influence of large TNCs International banking (enables TNCs to operate globally as funds can be transferred) Decreasing barriers to world trade -Financial liberalisation (which breaks down restrictions between international borders so that money and goods can pass (for example the UN)

Answer 57

- growing power of TNCs and global brands - increasing emergence of NICs - Emergence of powerful trade blocs (groups of countries that agree to trade freely with each other) Faster spread of technological advances (sharing technology and innovation) Higher levels of income and quality of life Access to wide levels of skills and research International trade routes and foreign investment improve opportunities

Answer 58

Environmental degradation caused by increasing economic activity Loss of cultural identity as global brands and Western culture dominate Movement of people, transport ownership and loss of biodiversity increases globally The impact is greater on developing countries, particularly remote rural areas, increasing the development gap

Answer 59

Concerns about loss of sovereignty to regional and international organisations (Some people worry that their country is losing control over its own decisions because it has to follow rules made by international groups.) TNCs avoiding taxes through loopholes Increasing incidences of trans-boundary pollution Increased income inequality (not everyone benefits equally) Exploitation of workers – low wages, poor conditions in TNC factories growth of urban slums

Answer 60

Increased cultural diversity from international migration TNCs employing a greater share of workforce Growth of anti-globalisation movements as people worry about how important decisions are made. Higher levels of incoming and and outgoing international tourism Rising GDP in developing countries due to foreign investment (FDI) Growth of improved health care, infrastructure, social care and education

Answer 61

Populations of many local communities becoming more multicultural Greater variety of international cuisine Cheaper products available for people Improved infrastructure (e.g, transport and internet) driven by TNC investment Greater choice of goods Education and skills are improved Spread of technology and innovation Higher standard of living Availability of housing, sanitation and food is better gender equality and gender pay gap closing in developed countries

Answer 62

Closure of a TNC brand can result in high local unemployment Small local businesses find it difficult to compete with major global companies Rising cost of living in urban areas due to global demand and tourism